Abstract
Quantum computing is the technology that allows complex operation and representation of computer state utilizing properties of photons such as superposition and entanglement as described by the theory of quantum mechanics. Therefore, quantum computing plays an increasingly important role in cryptography due to innovations it introduced such as quantum phase estimation and quantum key distribution. These innovations can reinforce, or compromise tools and schemes used in classical cryptography e.g. Shor’s algorithm and one-time pad. In this paper, a simulation of prime factorization with Shor’s algorithm is performed using qiskit. A success rate of 55% is achieved in 503 attempts. In response to the advancement of quantum computers and its ability to break popular encryption schemes as RSA, post-quantum classical cryptography protocols such as XMSS and LMS are introduced.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported in part by the Air Force Research Laboratory Academy Center for Cyberspace Research (ACCR) Directorate, through the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Summer Faculty Fellowship Program\(^{\textregistered }\), Contract Numbers FA8750-15-0-6003 and FA9550-15-0001 and and NASA M-STAR Grant# 80NSSC20K1859.
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Yung, C.T.A. et al. (2022). Quantum Computing and Its Application in Cryptography. In: Arai, K. (eds) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2021, Volume 3. FTC 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 360. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89912-7_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89912-7_23
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