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Dynamics of Polymer Bridges in Polymer Nanocomposites Through a Combination of Dielectric Spectroscopy and Rheology

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Dynamics of Composite Materials

Part of the book series: Advances in Dielectrics ((ADVDIELECT))

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Abstract

An important characteristic of the inclusion of nanoparticles (NPs) into soft polymer matrices, forming polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), is their strong modification to the dynamics of the matrix polymers, including the glassy dynamics and slow dynamics. This chapter focuses on one of the most prominent slow dynamics in PNCs with well-dispersed NPs, i.e. dynamics of polymer bridges, which is the key for thermomechanical properties of PNCs. Current theoretical and experimental understandings of the structure and dynamics of the adsorbed polymers and the polymer bridging network are summarized. The rheological way of quantifying the lifetime of the adsorbed polymers, the conformational rearrangement, and the desorption dynamics, is introduced. A recent proposed theoretical rationale for explaining the various dynamic features of polymer bridging networks is discussed. In addition, outlooks including the existent challenges and future directions on the slow dynamics of polymer nanocomposites are also presented.

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Abbreviations

\( a_T^R \) :

The shift factor from rheological measurements

\( a_T^{R_{p - OS} } \) :

The shift factor from rheological measurements after pre-deformation

\( a_T^B \) :

The shift factor from dielectric measurements

BDS:

Broadband dielectric spectroscopy

\( d_f \) :

The fractal dimension of nanoparticle clusters

\( d_{IPS} \) :

The average interparticle surface-to-surface distance

\( G^{\prime}_{bulk} \) :

The storage modulus of pristine polymer

\( G_{lp} \) :

Elastic modulus of polymer nanocomposites at low-frequency

\( G_p \) :

Plateau modulus of a polymer

\( G^{\prime}_{PN} \) :

Storage modulus of the nanoparticle cluster

\( G^{\prime}_{polymer} \) :

Storage modulus of the polymer matrix in polymer nanocomposites

H-NMR:

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance

\( J\left( t \right) \) :

Creep compliance

\( l_{ad} \) :

Thickness of the adsorbed polymer

\( M_b \) :

Average molecular weight of a polymer bridge

\( M_w \) :

Weight average molecular weight of a polymer

\( N_b \) :

Average number of Kuhn segments in a polymer bridge

\( n_{char} \) :

Average number of nanoparticles in a cluster

NP(s):

Nanoparticle(s)

SAOS:

Small amplitude oscillatory shear

PNC(s):

Polymer nanocomposite(s)

PVAc:

Poly(vinyl acetate)

\( R_g \) :

The radius of gyration of a polymer chain

\( R_{NP} \) :

The radius of a nanoparticle

SAOS:

Small amplitude oscillatory shear

SCFT:

Self-consistent field theory

\( t_a \) :

Annealing time

\( T_g \) :

Glass transition temperature

TTSP:

Time-temperature superposition principle

\( \tau_\alpha \) :

Segmental relaxation time

\( \tau_{char} \) :

Relaxation time of the nanoparticle cluster

\( \tau_d \) :

Terminal relaxation time of polymers

\( \tau_{int} \) :

Segmental relaxation time of the interfacial polymer

\( \omega_{char} \) :

Angular frequency of the longest relaxation time of a nanoparticle cluster

\( \omega_d \) :

Angular frequency of the terminal relaxation of a polymer chain

\( \varphi_c \) :

Critical volume fraction of nanoparticles at the gel point

\( \Delta E_a \) :

Activation energy for polymer detachment

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the College of Engineering at Michigan State University.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Shiwang Cheng

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  1. Shiwang Cheng
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Correspondence to Shiwang Cheng .

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  1. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Andreas Schönhals

  2. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany

    Paulina Szymoniak

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Cheng, S. (2022). Dynamics of Polymer Bridges in Polymer Nanocomposites Through a Combination of Dielectric Spectroscopy and Rheology. In: Schönhals, A., Szymoniak, P. (eds) Dynamics of Composite Materials. Advances in Dielectrics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89723-9_3

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