Skip to main content

Social Entrepreneurship in India

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Indigenous Indian Management

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Indian Management ((PAIM))

Abstract

Social entrepreneurship (SE) has emerged as a strong force to bridge the gap between the demand and supply for fulfilment of socio-economic and environmental needs. SE emerged as a response to failure of market, state or both in meeting needs of society particularly at the bottom of the pyramid. SE has been rapidly growing in all the sectors: private, public and non-profit. It focuses on social impact and an innovative approach to achieve its purpose with the combination of social mission, entrepreneurship and creativity. It is of particular importance to India because the developmental needs of India cannot be solely addressed by government efforts or by the market forces. This chapter aims at explaining about SE as a field of knowledge, i.e. how social entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurs work to address the unmet needs of the society, its emergence in India, coherence of SE and Indian values, and a typology of social entrepreneurs for the Indian context. We also propose a research agenda on the topic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://www.ashoka.org/en-in/story/bill-drayton-half-population-out-game.

  2. 2.

    http://www.amuldairy.com/index.php/the-organization/an-overview.

  3. 3.

    Rina Agarwala Redefining Exploitation: Self-Employed Workers’ Movements in India’s Garments and Trash Collection Industries International Labor and Working-Class History No. 89, Spring 2016, pp. 107–130.

  4. 4.

    http://www.sewa.org/Sewa_Services.asp.

  5. 5.

    | yato'bhyudayaniḥśreyasasiddhiḥ sa dharmaḥ । 1.1.2 |

    Ref: Maharshi Kanada, Vaisheshika Sutras.

    Meaning: That which leads to the attainment of Abhyudaya (prosperity in this world) and Nihshreyasa (total cessation of pain and attainment of eternal bliss hereafter) is Dharma.

  6. 6.

    Eck (2013) quotes Bornstein, E. (2004). The spirit of development: Protestant NGOs, morality and economics in Zimbabwe. Routledge.

  7. 7.

    https://www.ashoka.org/en-in/story/bill-drayton-half-population-out-game.

References

  • Alexander, A. A., Jha, S., & Pandey, A. (2019). Understanding how hybrid organisations tackle social challenges: An institutional logics approach. South Asian Journal of Business Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anat-Beck, A. (2018). The law of social entrepreneurship—Creating shared value through the lens of Sandra Day O’Connor’s iCivics. University of Pansylvania Journal of Buiness Law, 20, 520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aurobindo, S. (1922). Essays on the Gita (7th ed.). Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakshi, R. (2000). “Bapu Kuti.” Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bapuji, H., Husted, B. W., Lu, J., & Mir, R. (2018). Value creation, appropriation, and distribution: How firms contribute to societal economic inequality. Business & Society, 57, 983–1009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bapuji, H., Patel, C., Ertug, G., & Allen, D. G. (2020). Corona crisis and inequality: Why management research needs a societal turn. Journal of Management, 46(7), 1205–1222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Battilana, J., & Dorado, S. (2010). Building sustainable hybrid organizations: The case of commercial microfinance organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 1419–1440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhushan, B. (2018). Stimulated innovation cycle to serve the poor: A case of Mann Deshi Mahila Group. In Social entrepreneurship and sustainable business models (pp. 177–205). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borzaga, C., & Galera, G. (2012). The concept and practice of social enterprise: Lessons from the Italian experience. International Review of Social Research, 2(2), 85–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brouard, F., & Larivet, S. (2010). Essay of clarifications and definitions of the related concepts of social enterprise, social entrepreneur and social entrepreneurship. In A. Fayolle & H. Matlay (Eds.), Handbook of research on social entrepreneurship. Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, N., & Mujumdar, S. (2014). Social entrepreneurship as an essentially contested concept: Opening a new avenue for systematic future research. Journal of Business Venture, 29(3), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.05.001

  • Dacin, P. A., Dacin, M. A., & Matear, M. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: Why we don’t need a new theory and how we move forward from here. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(3), 37–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dees, J. G. (1998). The meaningof social entrepreneurship. Stanford Business School Centre for Social Innovation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dees, J. G. (2001). The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship, 8(1), 52–54. http://www.fuqua.duke.edu/centers/case/documents/dees_SE.pdf

  • Defourny, J., & Nyssens, M. (2013). Social innovation, social economy and social enterprise: What can the European debate tell us?

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Domenico, M., Haugh, H., & Tracey, P. (2010). Social bricolage: Theorizing social value creation in social enterprises. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(4), 681–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dohrmann, S., Raith, M., & Siebold, N. (2015). Monetizing social value creation: A business model approach. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 5(2), 127–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M. (1962). Capitalism and freedom. University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, R., & Alford, R. R. (1991). Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions. In W. W. Powell & P. J. DiMaggio (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis (pp. 232–263).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, B. N. (2007). Gandhian political economy: Principles, practice and policy. Ashgate Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grassl, W. (2012, February). Business models of social enterprise: A design approach to hybridity ACRN. Journal of Entrepreneurship Perspectives, 1(1), 37–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grieco, C. (2015). Conceptualizing social entrepreneurship. In Assessing social impact of social enterprises (pp. 5–36). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gokhale, B. G. (1977). The merchant in ancient India. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 97(2), 125–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, A., Dey, A., & Singh, G. (2017). Connecting corporations and communities: Towards a theory of social inclusive open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 3(3), 17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, P., Chauhan, S., Paul, J., & Jaiswal, M. P. (2020). Social entrepreneurship research: A review and future research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 113, 209–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, J. S., Phillips, R. A., & Freeman, R. E. (2020). On the 2019 business roundtable “statement on the purpose of a corporation.” Journal of Management, 46(7), 1223–1237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiao, H. (2011). A conceptual model for social entrepreneurship directed toward social impact on society. Social Enterprise Journal, 7(2), 130–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. M. (1995). Instrumental stakeholder theory: A synthesis of ethics & economic. Academy of Management Review, 20, 404–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerlin, J. A. (2010). A comparative analysis of the global emergence of social enterprise. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 21(2), 162–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, T., & Palepu, K. (1997). Why focused strategies. Harvard Business Review, 75(4), 41–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krugman, P. (2008). The return of depression economics and the crisis of 2008. Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Bus, 41(1), 36–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, R. L., & Osberg, S. (2007). Social entrepreneurship: The case for definition. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 5(2), 28–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matofska, B., & Sheinwald, S. (2019). Generation share: The change-makers building the sharing economy. Policy Press

    Google Scholar 

  • McKague, K., Zietsma, C., & Oliver, C. (2015). Building the social structure of a market. Organization Studies, 36(8), 1063–1093.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, G. (2001). Participatory development. In V. Desai & R. B. Potter (Eds.), The Arnold companion to development studies (pp. 49–54). London, UK: Hodder.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, S., & Bagayatkar, S. (2019). Using decentralized automatic machine technology for last mile menstrual health delivery. Gates Open Research, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanekar, K. R., & Khandewale, S. V. (1973). Bhoodan and the Landless. Popular Prakashan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Narayanan, A. C. C. (2020). The meaning of generosity: A subjective culture study in India (Doctoral dissertation). University of Hawai’i at Manoa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Radhakrishnan, S. (1948/2009). The Bhagavadgita. HarperCollins Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reis, T. K., & Clobesy, S. J. (2001). Unleashing new resources and entrepreneurship for the common good: A philanthropic renaissance. New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising, 32, 109–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roy, A. (2018). The RTI story: Power to the people. Roli Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos, F. M. (2012). A positive theory of social entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(3), 335–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta, S., & Sahay, A. (2017). Social entrepreneurship research in Asia-Pacific: Perspectives and opportunities. Social Enterprise Journal, 13(1), 17–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah, M. (2007). A new beginning for CAPART. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(8), 633–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S. (2002). Corporate Rishi leadership model: An Indian model for corporate development & ethical leadership. In Human resource development in Asia: Trends and challenges (pp. 291–296). Oxford & IBH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, S. (2007). New mantras in corporate corridors: From ancient roots to global routes. New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, M. (2019). Social entrepreneurship in India: Quarter idealism and a pound of pragmatism. Sage Publications Pvt. Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephan, U., Patterson, M., Kelly, C., & Mair, J. (2016). Organizations driving positive social change: A review and an integrative framework of change processes. Journal of Management, 42(5), 1250–1281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sundar, P. (2000). Beyond business: From merchant charity to corporate citizenship: Indian business philanthropy through the ages. Tata McGraw Hill

    Google Scholar 

  • UNDP. (2020). United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports. http://hdr.undp.org/en/2020-report

  • Wallace, S. L. (1999). Social entrepreneurship: The role of social purpose enterprises in facilitating community economic development. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, J. P. (2005). Taking stock of stakeholder management. Academy of Management Review, 30(2), 426–438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahra, S. A., Gedajlovic, E., Neubaum, D. O., & Shulman, J. M. (2009). A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 519–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nisha Pandey .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pandey, N., Sahay, A. (2022). Social Entrepreneurship in India. In: Pandey, A., Budhwar, P., Bhawuk, D.P.S. (eds) Indigenous Indian Management. Palgrave Studies in Indian Management. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87906-8_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics