Abstract
We begin this chapter with findings pointing out the interaction between exposure to stressful events and the occurrence of major psychiatric and neurological diseases, including Depression, Schizophrenia, and Neurodegenerative Disorders. The following sections present the impact of chronic stress on the glutamatergic system, ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and excitatory amino acid transporters. The chapter continues with a description of animal models of chronic stress such as Chronic Mild and Restraint Stress, Chronic Social Defeat Stress, Chronic Subordinate Colony Housing, and Rat Cumulative Allostatic Load Measure developed to mimic the pathophysiology of human stress-related disorders. Their application in the translational development of glutamatergic treatments for psychiatric and neurological chronic stress-induced diseases is also discussed. The following section is dedicated to the impact of chronic stress on gene expression and epigenetic modifications in glutamatergic neuronal networks, followed by the part on stress-induced glutamate effects leading to oxidative and nitrosative neuronal stress and excitotoxicity. We conclude the chapter with the latest preclinical and clinical research insights on glutamate interactions with other neurotransmitters relevant to human stress response, such as serotonin, corticosteroids, GABA, and BDNF.
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Acknowledgments
Translational Psychiatry Laboratory (Brazil) is supported by grants from CNPq (GZR), FAPESC (GZR), CAPES (GZR), Instituto Cérebro e Mente (GZR), and UNESC (GZR). GZR is a 2 CNPq Research Fellow. LMM is a CNPq Research Fellow.
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Réus, G.Z., Abelaira, H.M., Coutellier, L.D., Manosso, L.M., Pavlovic, Z.M. (2022). Role of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in the Pathophysiology of Stress-Related Disorders and Chronic Stress Response. In: Pavlovic, Z.M. (eds) Glutamate and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87480-3_3
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