Synonyms
Geodatabase; Geographical data; Georeferenced data; Territorial data
Definition
Data which present a spatial component are called spatial data (Fischer and Wang 2011). In a nutshell, they are sample data of a random field referred to a spatial domain.
Overview
Spatial data are a collection of observations measured in different locations on a spatial domain. They are interpreted as a finite realization of a random field, whose distribution law (often unknown) provides a likelihood measure of the spatial evolution of the phenomena under study.
Spatial data have two characteristics, that is:
They are non-repetitive, since only one observation is available in every single location.
They are spatially correlated, which means that the phenomenon under study varies in space, but the variations are correlated over some distances.
For this last reason, the usual assumption of independence, made in classical statistical inference, is not reasonable in spatial statistics. Indeed spatial...
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Maggio, S., Cappello, C. (2023). Spatial Data. In: Daya Sagar, B.S., Cheng, Q., McKinley, J., Agterberg, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85040-1_303
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