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Valorisation of Apple (Malus domestica) Wastes

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Mediterranean Fruits Bio-wastes

Abstract

Worldwide, one of the most consumed fruit is apple (Malus domestica). Mainly containing water and carbohydrates, including fiber and sugar (fructose), this fruit is consumed raw or processed, and it is an essential source of vitamins, minerals, and phenolics. Consumption of apples has beneficial effects on human health, especially on vascular function, blood pressure, lipids, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. Significant amounts of apples are wasted during the agricultural (3%), distribution (15%), and household consumption (17%) stages. Annually, through apple juice, cider, jam, and sweets production, a huge amount of waste is generated. The mixture of skin, pulp, and seeds or apple pomace is highly biodegradable and could lead to environmental and economic issues if this solid waste disposal is not done properly. Therefore, there is an ongoing interest in valorizing this type of solid waste through the various applications of bioactive extracts and compounds from apple waste in the food industry and non-health purposes. In this work, the main research questions are: What is the apple waste's economic value? What is the chemical composition of apple waste extracts? Which are the biological and functional properties of the apple waste extracts? What are the applications of bioactive extracts and compounds from apple waste? In this work, the novel extraction techniques of bioactive compounds from apple pomace are also discussed. The apple pomace is a suitable raw material for producing high-value bio-products such as enzymes, organic acids, and biofuels. The main ways to dispose of apple waste are landfilling, incineration, composting, or low-quality animal feed and land spreading. These traditional ways have several adverse impacts like greenhouse gas production, smell, underground water pollution, negative impacts on human health, or cost-effectiveness. Instead, the alternative ways to recover this type of waste can lead to various benefits, generate economic and environmental benefits, and contribute to sustainable development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Faculty of Food Engineering, Suceava, Romania

    Cristina Ghinea & Ana Leahu

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  1. Cristina Ghinea
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  2. Ana Leahu
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Correspondence to Cristina Ghinea .

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  1. Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan

  2. Pharmacognosy Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Farag

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Ghinea, C., Leahu, A. (2022). Valorisation of Apple (Malus domestica) Wastes. In: Ramadan, M.F., Farag, M.A. (eds) Mediterranean Fruits Bio-wastes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84436-3_13

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