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Osteoporosis Management with Focus on Spine

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Image Guided Interventions of the Spine

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Abstract

Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent bone diseases and is associated with age. Vertebral fractures are the most common manifestation of osteoporosis. Vertebral and hip fractures are associated with excess mortality. A previous spine fracture increases the risk of next vertebral fracture by fivefold during the following year, with almost 20% of women developing a vertebral fracture (VF) within the next 12 months. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a major risk factor for poor screw fixation, screw loosening, and fixation failure since the ability of screws to resist pullout from bone is directly related to BMD. The anti-osteoporosis medications, pharmacological and non-pharmacological osteoporosis management, and bone-targeted therapy for selected malignancies are described in the chapter.

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Abbreviations

AAOMS:

American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

ADT:

Androgen deprivation therapy

AIs:

Aromatase inhibitors

BMD:

Bone mineral density

Dmab:

Denosumab

DXA:

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

FMP:

Final menstrual period

GC:

Glucocorticoids

HRT:

Hormonal replacement therapy

MOF:

Major osteoporotic fractures (the spine, hip, wrist, or humerus)

OFS:

Ovarian function suppression

ONJ:

Osteonecrosis of the jaw

ROI:

Region of interest

SERM:

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

TBS:

Trabecular bone score

VTE:

Venous thromboembolism

ZA:

Zoledronic acid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Yevgeniya Kushchayeva

  2. New Mexico Clinical Research & Osteoporosis Center, Bone Health TeleECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    E. Michael Lewiecki

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  1. Yevgeniya Kushchayeva
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  1. Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Majid Khan

  2. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA

    Sergiy V. Kushchayev

  3. Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Scott H. Faro

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Kushchayeva, Y., Lewiecki, E.M. (2021). Osteoporosis Management with Focus on Spine. In: Khan, M., Kushchayev, S.V., Faro, S.H. (eds) Image Guided Interventions of the Spine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80079-6_4

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