Abstract
The relevance of content monitoring of heavy metals and anthropogenic radionuclides in the Atlantic waters of the Antarctic region is determined by the need for a modern assessment of the aquatic environmental quality for making responsible decisions about the protection of marine living resources in this unique region of the World Ocean. The goal of the research is to obtain new data on the levels and spatial and depth distribution of the concentration of trace elements, mainly heavy metals, and anthropogenic radioisotopes in seawater. Seawater samples were taken during the Antarctic expedition of cruise 79 of the R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” at 21 stations in the Drake Passage, Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Sound, and Weddell and Scotia seas. Increased concentrations of some trace elements, including heavy metals in seawater, were found in some regions of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. According to international environmental legislation, such as the “Dutch sheets,” some cases exceeding the MPC (maximum permissible concentration for short-term exposure) of Cd and Zn were found; concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Se, and Co exceeded their target value (TV) at several stations (control levels for chronic exposure). Analysis of vertical distribution of trace elements and heavy metals in the water column showed that concentrations of Zn, Pb, Sb, Mo, Cd, V, and Ni in the surface layer of the deep-water station in the Powell Basin were higher than in the water near the Antarctic Peninsula. The content of elements such as Fe, Co, and Cu in the surface–water layer at these stations was almost the same, and the Se concentration was five times higher in the surface waters of the coastal station in the Antarctic Sound. The concentration of trace elements and heavy metals in the water column of the Antarctic Sound coastal area was higher than in the deep-water part of the Weddell Sea. This is likely caused by erosion of elements of tectonic origin from the mainland as a result of ice cover melting. As for the 90Sr and 137Cs radioisotopes, the waters of the Southern Ocean belong to the cleanest areas of the World Ocean. Further study of the sources of trace elements and the features of their distribution in the seawaters of the Atlantic part of Antarctica is necessary to explain the ongoing processes and to ensure rational environmental management and environmentally sound conservancy in the Antarctic region.
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Acknowledgments
The authors express their sincere gratitude to the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, to the Atlantic Fleet Base, and to the crew of the R/V “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” for the excellent organization and high-level performance of the sea expedition to the Atlantic sector of Antarctica. The authors are grateful to the staff of the Center for Collective Use of the Federal Research Center IBSS “Spectrometry and Chromatography,” as well as to the leading engineer of the Department of Radiation and Chemical Biology N.V. Kravchenko for assisting in measurements for this study.
Funding
The research was supported by the state assignment of the FRC IBSS “Comprehensive studies of the current state of the ecosystem of the Atlantic sector of Antarctica” (Registration number AAAA-A19-119100290162-0) and state assignment of the IO RAS 0128-2019-0008 “The assessment of the current state of natural complexes in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and their multi-periodical variability (ecosystems, bioproductivity, hydrophysics, hydro- and geochemistry” AAAA-A18-118051490130-3.
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Paraskiv, A.A. et al. (2021). Heavy Metals and Anthropogenic Radionuclides in the Region of the Antarctic Peninsula. In: Morozov, E.G., Flint, M.V., Spiridonov, V.A. (eds) Antarctic Peninsula Region of the Southern Ocean. Advances in Polar Ecology, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78927-5_29
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