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Gene Therapy and Its Application in Cardiac Diseases

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Biochemistry of Apoptosis and Autophagy

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease ((ABHD,volume 18))

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for high mortality rates throughout the world, and diseases specifically affecting the myocardium including fibrosis, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies leading to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure remain significant contributors to this problem. For decades, therapeutic intervention has relied almost exclusively on surgical or pharmacologic approaches, and while these have improved survival and quality of life, side effects can be significant and cardiac death remains a major problem, leading to extensive efforts to identify novel means of treatment. The potential for cardiac gene therapy, in which disease is treated via the introduction of therapeutic genetic material to correct defective genes, improve cellular function, and restore cardiac health, has been recognized for many years, but early challenges and adverse outcomes severely limited adoption. Improvements in gene therapeutic approaches have resulted in safer and more precisely-targeted means of treating heart diseases, with considerable advancement in the field in recent years. In this chapter, we review the viral and non-viral vectors which have been utilized in treating cardiac diseases such as ischemic cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and fibrosis. We also consider the use of these approaches to facilitate gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9-based methods, provide a brief overview of stem cell therapy including the use of engineered stem cells, and discuss how combinational strategies are gaining in popularity due to therapeutic advantages over individual strategies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

    Sikta Chattopadhyaya & Michael P. Czubryt

  2. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, R4008 St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada

    Michael P. Czubryt

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  1. Sikta Chattopadhyaya
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  2. Michael P. Czubryt
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Correspondence to Michael P. Czubryt .

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  1. University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum

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Chattopadhyaya, S., Czubryt, M.P. (2022). Gene Therapy and Its Application in Cardiac Diseases. In: Kirshenbaum, L.A. (eds) Biochemistry of Apoptosis and Autophagy. Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease, vol 18. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78799-8_8

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