Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Survivorship Care for Cancer Patients

  • 666 Accesses

Abstract

Fatigue is the leading symptom of cancer survivors with a substantial risk of disability. Patients shall be screened in routine care by simple assessment tools for fatigue (e.g., ESAS), then assessed for impact of fatigue (e.g., Brief Fatigue Inventory) and of fatigue domains (e.g., Single-Item-Fatigue), and finally a list of possible reversible causes for fatigue shall be checked and treated (e.g., dehydration, hypercalcemia, hypothyroidism, anemia, depression). Then a diagnosis of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) shall be made, using the DICRFS (Diagnostic Interview for Cancer Related Fatigue), and a neuropsychological test considered. For the management of CRF and the appraisal to evidence, it is crucial to separate cancer-treatment related fatigue (CtrF) and cancer-disease related fatigue (cancer [pre-] cachexia). Management of CRF shall be multimodal delivered by transprofessional working team members and include (a) physical exercise (endurance- and strength training), (b) nutrition with protein-rich diet and secondary preventive, (c) psychological and creative therapies to cope with disability, trauma, and (unconscious) emotions, (d) physical therapies (e.g., massage, acupressure), (e) MBSR-based and Mind-Body interventions (e.g., yoga, mindfulness meditation, body scan, PMR, conscious breathing), (f) energy conservation and self-management enhancing psychoeducative and cognitive-behavioral interventions, (g) social work support, and (h) considering pharmacological treatment in few selected indications. The evidence for such a full multimodal intervention is still scarce since such complex trials are missing. The probably most effective CRF interventions are physical exercise and psychological interventions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline Cancer Cachexia: ESMO open, in press 2021.

  2. 2.

    ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline Cancer Cachexia: ESMO open, in press 2021.

References

  1. Cella D, Peterman A, Passik S, Jacobsen P, Breitbart W. Progress toward guidelines for the management of fatigue. Oncology (Williston Park). 1998;12(11A):369–77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Portenoy RK, Itri LM. Cancer-related fatigue: guidelines for evaluation and management. Oncologist. 1999;4(1):1–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Mock V, Atkinson A, Barsevick A, Cella D, Cimprich B, Cleeland C, Donnelly J, Eisenberger MA, Escalante C, Hinds P, Jacobsen PB, Kaldor P, Knight SJ, Peterman A, Piper BF, Rugo H, Sabbatini P, Stahl C, National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN practice guidelines for cancer-related fatigue. Oncology (Williston Park). 2000;14(11A):151–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fabi A, Bhargava R, Fatigoni S, Guglielmo M, Horneber M, Roila F, Weis J, Jordan K, Ripamonti CI, ESMO Guidelines Committee. Cancer-related fatigue: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Oncol. 2020;31(6):713–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Al Maqbali M, Hughes C, Gracey J, et al. Quality assessment criteria: psychometric properties of measurement tools for cancer related fatigue. Acta Oncol. 2019;58:1286e1297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Barsevick AM, Cleeland CS, Manning DC, et al. ASCPRO recommendations for the assessment of fatigue as an outcome in clinical trials. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2010;39:1086e1099.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Radbruch L, Strasser F, Elsner F, et al. Fatigue in palliative care patientsdan EAPC approach. Palliat Med. 2008;22:13e32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gilbert M. A survivor’s journey: one woman’s experience with cancer-related fatigue. Oncologist. 2003;8(Suppl 1):3–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Yennurajalingam S, Bruera E. Palliative management of fatigue at the close of life: "it feels like my body is just worn out". JAMA. 2007;297(3):295–304.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Seow H, Barbera L, Sutradhar R, Howell D, Dudgeon D, Atzema C, Liu Y, Husain A, Sussman J, Earle C. Trajectory of performance status and symptom scores for patients with cancer during the last six months of life. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(9):1151–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(5):489–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhou T, Yang K, Thapa S, Liu H, Wang B, Yu S. Differences in symptom burden among cancer patients with different stages of cachexia. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2017;53(5):919–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jackson KM, Cole CL, Dunne RF. From bench to bedside: updates in basic science, translational and clinical research on muscle fatigue in cancer cachexia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2021;24(3):216–22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Alesi ER, del Fabbro E. Opportunities for targeting the fatigue-anorexia-cachexia symptom cluster. Cancer J. 2014;20(5):325–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Zargar-Shoshtari K, Hill AG. Postoperative fatigue: a review. World J Surg. 2009;33(4):738–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Oliveira M, Oliveira G, Souza-Talarico J, Mota D. Surgical oncology: evolution of postoperative fatigue and factors related to its severity. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2016;20(1):E3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rubin GJ, Hotopf M. Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for postoperative fatigue. Br J Surg. 2002;89(8):971–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Dirks ML, Wall BT, van de Valk B, Holloway TM, Holloway GP, Chabowski A, Goossens GH, van Loon LJ. One week of bed rest leads to substantial muscle atrophy and induces whole-body insulin resistance in the absence of skeletal muscle lipid accumulation. Diabetes. 2016;65(10):2862–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Forster T, Jäkel C, Akbaba S, Krug D, Krempien R, Uhl M, Häfner MF, König L, Koerber SA, Harrabi S, Bernhardt D, Behnisch R, Krisam J, Hennigs A, Sohn C, Heil J, Debus J, Hörner-Rieber J. Fatigue following radiotherapy of low-risk early breast cancer—a randomized controlled trial of intraoperative electron radiotherapy versus standard hypofractionated whole-breast radiotherapy: the COSMOPOLITAN trial (NCT03838419). Radiat Oncol. 2020;15(1):134.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Hsiao CP, Daly B, Saligan LN. The etiology and management of radiotherapy-induced fatigue. Expert Rev Qual Life Cancer Care. 2016;1(4):323–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Barreto R, Waning DL, Gao H, Liu Y, Zimmers TA, Bonetto A. Chemotherapy-related cachexia is associated with mitochondrial depletion and the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Oncotarget. 2016;7(28):43442–60.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Cortellini A, Vitale MG, De Galitiis F, Di Pietro FR, Berardi R, Torniai M, De Tursi M, Grassadonia A, Di Marino P, Santini D, Zeppola T, Anesi C, Gelibter A, Occhipinti MA, Botticelli A, Marchetti P, Rastelli F, Pergolesi F, Tudini M, Silva RR, Mallardo D, Vanella V, Ficorella C, Porzio G, Ascierto PA. Early fatigue in cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors: an insight from clinical practice. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):376.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Santoni M, Conti A, Buti S, Bersanelli M, Foghini L, Piva F, Giulietti M, Lusuardi L, Battelli N. Risk of fatigue in cancer patients treated with anti programmed cell death-1/anti programmed cell death ligand-1 agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunotherapy. 2018;10(15):1303–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Li J, Zhang Z. Risk of fatigue with PARP inhibitors in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 phase II/III randomized controlled trials. J Chemother. 2021;15:1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Tong H, Zhu Y, Liu Y. Incidence and risk of fatigue in cancer patients treated with MET inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(22):e15522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Al Maqbali M, Al Sinani M, Al Naamani Z, Al Badi K, Tanash MI. Prevalence of fatigue in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2021;61(1):167–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Jordan K, Aapro M, Kaasa S, Ripamonti CI, Scotté F, Strasser F, Young A, Bruera E, Herrstedt J, Keefe D, Laird B, Walsh D, Douillard JY, Cervantes A. European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) position paper on supportive and palliative care. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(1):36–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Schmidt ME, Hermann S, Arndt V, Steindorf K. Prevalence and severity of long-term physical, emotional, and cognitive fatigue across 15 different cancer entities. Cancer Med. 2020;9(21):8053–61.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Bower JE, Ganz PA, Irwin MR, Cole SW, Garet D, Petersen L, Asher A, Hurvitz SA, Crespi CM. Do all patients with cancer experience fatigue? A longitudinal study of fatigue trajectories in women with breast cancer. Cancer. 2021;127(8):1334–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Person H, Guillemin F, Conroy T, Velten M, Rotonda C. Factors of the evolution of fatigue dimensions in patients with breast cancer during the 2 years after surgery. Int J Cancer. 2020;146(7):1827–35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Bower JE, Wiley J, Petersen L, Irwin MR, Cole SW, Ganz PA. Fatigue after breast cancer treatment: biobehavioral predictors of fatigue trajectories. Health Psychol. 2018;37(11):1025–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Peters ME, Goedendorp MM, Verhagen CA, Bleijenberg G, van der Graaf WT. Fatigue and its associated psychosocial factors in cancer patients on active palliative treatment measured over time. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(3):1349–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wright F, Kober KM, Cooper BA, Paul SM, Conley YP, Hammer M, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Higher levels of stress and different coping strategies are associated with greater morning and evening fatigue severity in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28(10):4697–706.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Norden DM, Bicer S, Clark Y, Jing R, Henry CJ, Wold LE, Reiser PJ, Godbout JP, McCarthy DO. Tumor growth increases neuroinflammation, fatigue and depressive-like behavior prior to alterations in muscle function. Brain Behav Immun. 2015;43:76–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Inglis JE, Janelsins MC, Culakova E, Mustian KM, Lin PJ, Kleckner IR, Peppone LJ. Longitudinal assessment of the impact of higher body mass index on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28(3):1411–141.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Strasser F. Diagnostic criteria of cachexia and their assessment: decreased muscle strength and fatigue. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11(4):417–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Fox RS, Ancoli-Israel S, Roesch SC, Merz EL, Mills SD, Wells KJ, Sadler GR, Malcarne VL. Sleep disturbance and cancer-related fatigue symptom cluster in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2020;28(2):845–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Wan BA, Pidduck W, Zhang L, Nolen A, Drost L, Yee C, Chow S, Chan S, Soliman H, Leung E, Sousa P, Lewis D, DeAngelis C, Taylor P, Chow E. Patient-reported fatigue in breast cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Breast. 2019;47:10–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Khan OF, Cusano E, Raissouni S, Pabia M, Haeseker J, Bosma N, Ko JJ, Li H, Kumar A, Vickers MM, Tang PA. Immediate-term cognitive impairment following intravenous (IV) chemotherapy: a prospective pre-post design study. BMC Cancer. 2019;19(1):150.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Abdel-Rahman O, Helbling D, Schmidt J, Petrausch U, Giryes A, Mehrabi A, Schöb O, Mannhart M, Zidan A, Oweira H. treatment-associated fatigue in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2016;28(10):e127–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Araújo JKL, Giglio AD, Munhoz BA, Fonseca FLA, Cruz FM, Giglio AD. Chemotherapy-induced fatigue correlates with higher fatigue scores before treatment. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2017;34(5):404–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Saligan LN, Olson K, Filler K, Larkin D, Cramp F, Yennurajalingam S, Escalante CP, del Giglio A, Kober KM, Kamath J, Palesh O, Mustian K, Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Fatigue Study Group-Biomarker Working Group. The biology of cancer-related fatigue: a review of the literature. Support Care Cancer. 2015;23(8):2461–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Yang S, Chu S, Gao Y, Ai Q, Liu Y, Li X, Chen N. A narrative review of Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) and its possible pathogenesis. Cell. 2019;8(7):738.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Argilés JM, López-Soriano FJ, Busquets S. Muscle wasting in cancer: the role of mitochondria. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18(3):221–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Vitorino R, Moreira-Gonçalves D, Ferreira R. Mitochondrial plasticity in cancer-related muscle wasting: potential approaches for its management. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015;18(3):226–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Aversa Z, Costelli P, Muscaritoli M. Cancer-induced muscle wasting: latest findings in prevention and treatment. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2017;9(5):369–82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Laviano A, Koverech A, Mari A. Cachexia: clinical features when inflammation drives malnutrition. Proc Nutr Soc. 2015;74(4):348–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bruggeman AR, Kamal AH, LeBlanc TW, Ma JD, Baracos VE, Roeland EJ. Cancer cachexia: beyond weight loss. J Oncol Pract. 2016;12(11):1163–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Bower JE. The role of neuro-immune interactions in cancer-related fatigue: biobehavioral risk factors and mechanisms. Cancer. 2019;125(3):353–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Wesselink E, van Baar H, van Zutphen M, Tibosch M, Kouwenhoven EA, Keulen ETP, Kok D, van Halteren HK, Breukink SO, De Wilt JHW, Weijenberg MP, Kenkhuis MF, Balvers MGJ, Witkamp RF, van Duijnhoven FJB, Kampman E, Beijer S, MJL B, Winkels RM. Inflammation is a mediating factor in the association between lifestyle and fatigue in colorectal cancer patients. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(12):3701.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Orre IJ, Murison R, Dahl AA, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Fosså SD. Levels of circulating interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and C-reactive protein in long-term survivors of testicular cancer with chronic cancer-related fatigue. Brain Behav Immun. 2009;23(6):868–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Xiao C, Beitler JJ, Higgins KA, Wommack EC, Saba NF, Shin DM, Bruner DW, Miller AH, Cole S. Differential regulation of NF-kB and IRF target genes as they relate to fatigue in patients with head and neck cancer. Brain Behav Immun. 2018;74:291–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Minton O, Coulton GR, Stone P. Multi-analyte profiling and pathway analysis of plasma for proteins associated with cancer-related fatigue syndrome in disease-free breast cancer patients after primary treatment. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2014;4(4):349–56.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Feng LR, Fernández-Martínez JL, Zaal KJM, de Andrés-Galiana EJ, Wolff BS, Saligan LN. mGluR5 mediates post-radiotherapy fatigue development in cancer patients. Transl Psychiatry. 2018;8(1):110.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. de Alcântara BBR, Cruz FM, Fonseca FLA, da Costa Aguiar Alves B, Perez MM, Varela P, Pesquero JB, de Iracema Gomes Cubero D, De Melo Sette CV, Del Giglio A. Chemotherapy-induced fatigue is associated with changes in gene expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of patients with locoregional breast cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(7):2479–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Cohen RA, Gullett JM, Woods AJ, Porges EC, Starkweather A, Jackson-Cook CK, Lynch-Kelly DL, Lyon DE. Cytokine-associated fatigue prior to, during, and post-chemotherapy for breast cancer. J Neuroimmunol. 2019;334:577001.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Courtier N, Gambling T, Barrett-Lee P, Mason MD. Soluble interleukin-6 receptor mediated fatigue highlights immunological heterogeneity of patients with early breast cancer who undergo radiation therapy. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2018;3(4):552–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Toh YL, Tan CJ, Yeo AHL, Shwe M, Ho HK, Gan YX, Foo KM, Chu P, Olson K, Chan A. Association of plasma leptin, pro-inflammatory adipokines and cancer-related fatigue in early-stage breast cancer patients: a prospective cohort study. J Cell Mol Med. 2019;23(6):4281–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. van der Willik KD, Koppelmans V, Hauptmann M, Compter A, Ikram MA, Schagen SB. Inflammation markers and cognitive performance in breast cancer survivors 20 years after completion of chemotherapy: a cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2018;20(1):135.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Pertl MM, Hevey D, Boyle NT, Hughes MM, Collier S, O’Dwyer AM, Harkin A, Kennedy MJ, Connor TJ. C-reactive protein predicts fatigue independently of depression in breast cancer patients prior to chemotherapy. Brain Behav Immun. 2013;34:108–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Schmidt ME, Semik J, Habermann N, Wiskemann J, Ulrich CM, Steindorf K. Cancer-related fatigue shows a stable association with diurnal cortisol dysregulation in breast cancer patients. Brain Behav Immun. 2016;52:98–105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Dantzer R, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, Laye S, Capuron L. The neuroimmune basis of fatigue. Trends Neurosci. 2014;37(1):39–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Tometich DB, Small BJ, Carroll JE, Zhai W, Luta G, Zhou X, Kobayashi LC, Ahles T, Saykin AJ, Clapp JD, Jim HSL, Jacobsen PB, Hurria A, Graham D, McDonald BC, Denduluri N, Extermann M, Isaacs C, Dilawari A, Root J, Rini C, Mandelblatt JS, Thinking and Living with Cancer (TLC) Study. Pretreatment psychoneurological symptoms and their association with longitudinal cognitive function and quality of life in older breast cancer survivors. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2019;57(3):596–606.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Strasser F, Palmer JL, Schover LR, Yusuf SW, Pisters K, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, DeGracia B, Willey JS, Bruera E. The impact of hypogonadism and autonomic dysfunction on fatigue, emotional function, and sexual desire in male patients with advanced cancer: a pilot study. Cancer. 2006;107(12):2949–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Wang A, Ling Z, Yang Z, Kiela PR, Wang T, Wang C, Cao L, Geng F, Shen M, Ran X, Su Y, Cheng T, Wang J. Gut microbial dysbiosis may predict diarrhea and fatigue in patients undergoing pelvic cancer radiotherapy: a pilot study. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0126312.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Hajjar J, Mendoza T, Zhang L, Fu S, Piha-Paul SA, Hong DS, Janku F, Karp DD, Ballhausen A, Gong J, Zarifa A, Peterson CB, Meric-Bernstam F, Jenq R, Naing A. Associations between the gut microbiome and fatigue in cancer patients. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):5847.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Tariman JD, Dhorajiwala S. Genomic variants associated with cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2016;20(5):537–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Black DS, Cole SW, Christodoulou G, Figueiredo JC. Genomic mechanisms of fatigue in survivors of colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2018;124(12):2637–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Wang T, Yin J, Miller AH, Xiao C. A systematic review of the association between fatigue and genetic polymorphisms. Brain Behav Immun. 2017;62:230–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Reyes-Gibby CC, Swartz MD, Yu X, Wu X, Yennurajalingam S, Anderson KO, Spitz MR, Shete S. Symptom clusters of pain, depressed mood, and fatigue in lung cancer: assessing the role of cytokine genes. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21(11):3117–25.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Yang GS, Kumar S, Dorsey SG, Starkweather AR, Kelly DL, Lyon DE. Systematic review of genetic polymorphisms associated with psychoneurological symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(2):351–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Kühl T, Behrens S, Jung AY, Obi N, Thöne K, Schmidt ME, Becher H, Chang-Claude J. Validation of inflammatory genetic variants associated with long-term cancer related fatigue in a large breast cancer cohort. Brain Behav Immun. 2018;73:252–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Minton O, Stone P. A systematic review of the scales used for the measurement of cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Ann Oncol. 2009;20(1):17–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Friedrich M, Hinz A, Kuhnt S, Schulte T, Rose M, Fischer F. Measuring fatigue in cancer patients: a common metric for six fatigue instruments. Qual Life Res. 2019;28(6):1615–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Watanabe SM, Nekolaichuk C, Beaumont C, Johnson L, Myers J, Strasser F. A multicenter study comparing two numerical versions of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System in palliative care patients. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2011;41(2):456–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Paramita N, Nusdwinuringtyas N, Nuhonni SA, Atmakusuma TD, Ismail RI, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity and reliability of the indonesian version of the brief fatigue inventory in cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2016;52(5):744–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Strasser F, Müller-Käser I, Dietrich D. Evaluating cognitive, emotional, and physical fatigue domains in daily practice by single-item questions in patients with advanced cancer: a cross-sectional pragmatic study. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2009;38(4):505–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Dickinson KA, Kelly DL, Lai JS, Saligan LN. Development of the PROMIS-based Research Assessment and Clinical Tool-Fatigue (ReACT-F). Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(9):3375–83.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Weis J, Wirtz MA, Tomaszewski KA, Hammerlid E, Arraras JI, Conroy T, Lanceley A, Schmidt H, Singer S, Pinto M, Alm El-Din M, Compter I, Holzner B, Hofmeister D, Chie WC, Harle A, Flechtner HH, Bottomley A, EORTC Quality of Life Group. Sensitivity to change of the EORTC quality of life module measuring cancer-related fatigue (EORTC QlQ-Fa12): results from the international psychometric validation. Psychooncology. 2019;28(8):1753–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Yeh ET, Lau SC, Su WJ, Tsai DJ, Tu YY, Lai YL. An examination of cancer-related fatigue through proposed diagnostic criteria in a sample of cancer patients in Taiwan. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:387.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  81. Goedendorp MM, Knoop H, Gielissen MF, Verhagen CA, Bleijenberg G. The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for postcancer fatigue on perceived cognitive disabilities and neuropsychological test performance. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2014;47(1):35–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Solheim TS, Laird BJA, Balstad TR, Stene GB, Bye A, Johns N, Pettersen CH, Fallon M, Fayers P, Fearon K, Kaasa S. A randomized phase II feasibility trial of a multimodal intervention for the management of cachexia in lung and pancreatic cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(5):778–88.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Stubbins R, Bernicker EH, Quigley EMM. Cancer cachexia: a multifactoral disease that needs a multimodal approach. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2020;36(2):141–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Goto R, Haruta J. The process of transprofessional collaboration: how caregivers integrated the perspectives of rehabilitation through working with a physical therapist. Fam Med Commun Health. 2020;8(4):e00037.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kaltner M, Murtagh D, Bennetts M, Pighills A, James J, Scott A. Randomised controlled trial of a transprofessional healthcare role intervention in an acute medical setting. J Interprof Care. 2017;31(2):190–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Berger AM, Mooney K, Alvarez-Perez A, Breitbart WS, Carpenter KM, Cella D, Cleeland C, Dotan E, Eisenberger MA, Escalante CP, Jacobsen PB, Jankowski C, LeBlanc T, Ligibel JA, Loggers ET, Mandrell B, Murphy BA, Palesh O, Pirl WF, Plaxe SC, Riba MB, Rugo HS, Salvador C, Wagner LI, Wagner-Johnston ND, Zachariah FJ, Bergman MA, Smith C, National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Cancer-Related Fatigue, Version 2.2015. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2015;13(8):1012–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Canella C, Mikolasek M, Rostock M, Beyer J, Guckenberger M, Jenewein J, Linka E, Six C, Stoll S, Stupp R, Witt CM. Developing an integrative treatment program for cancer-related fatigue using stakeholder engagement—a qualitative study. Integr Cancer Ther. 2018;17(3):762–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Arends J, Bachmann P, Baracos V, Barthelemy N, Bertz H, Bozzetti F, Fearon K, Hütterer E, Isenring E, Kaasa S, Krznaric Z, Laird B, Larsson M, Laviano A, Mühlebach S, Muscaritoli M, Oldervoll L, Ravasco P, Solheim T, Strasser F, de van der Schueren M, Preiser JC. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):11–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Yennurajalingam S, Frisbee-Hume S, Palmer JL, Delgado-Guay MO, Bull J, Phan AT, Tannir NM, Litton JK, Reddy A, Hui D, Dalal S, Massie L, Reddy SK, Bruera E. Reduction of cancer-related fatigue with dexamethasone: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(25):3076–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Paulsen O, Klepstad P, Rosland JH, Aass N, Albert E, Fayers P, Kaasa S. Efficacy of methylprednisolone on pain, fatigue, and appetite loss in patients with advanced cancer using opioids: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(29):3221–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Solheim TS, Laird BJA, Balstad TR, Bye A, Stene G, Baracos V, Strasser F, Griffiths G, Maddocks M, Fallon M, Kaasa S, Fearon K. Cancer cachexia: rationale for the MENAC (Multimodal-Exercise, Nutrition and Anti-inflammatory medication for Cachexia) trial. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2018;8(3):258–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Naito T, Mitsunaga S, Miura S, Tatematsu N, Inano T, Mouri T, Tsuji T, Higashiguchi T, Inui A, Okayama T, Yamaguchi T, Morikawa A, Mori N, Takahashi T, Strasser F, Omae K, Mori K, Takayama K. Feasibility of early multimodal interventions for elderly patients with advanced pancreatic and non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019;10(1):73–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Oberholzer R, Hopkinson JB, Baumann K, Omlin A, Kaasa S, Fearon KC, Strasser F. Psychosocial effects of cancer cachexia: a systematic literature search and qualitative analysis. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2013;46(1):77–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Molassiotis A, Brown T, Cheng HL, Byrnes A, Chan RJ, Wyld D, Eastgate M, Yates P, Marshall AP, Fichera R, Isenring L, To KF, Ko PS, Lam W, Lam YF, Au LF, Lo RS. The effects of a family-centered psychosocial-based nutrition intervention in patients with advanced cancer: the PiCNIC2 pilot randomised controlled trial. Nutr J. 2021;20(1):2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Amano K, Baracos VE, Hopkinson JB. Integration of palliative, supportive, and nutritional care to alleviate eating-related distress among advanced cancer patients with cachexia and their family members. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2019;143:117–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Mustian KM, Alfano CM, Heckler C, Kleckner AS, Kleckner IR, Leach CR, Mohr D, Palesh OG, Peppone LJ, Piper BF, Scarpato J, Smith T, Sprod LK, Miller SM. Comparison of pharmaceutical, psychological, and exercise treatments for cancer-related fatigue: a meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(7):961–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  97. Brown JC, Huedo-Medina TB, Pescatello LS, Pescatello SM, Ferrer RA, Johnson BT. Efficacy of exercise interventions in modulating cancer-related fatigue among adult cancer survivors: a meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2011;20(1):123–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Campbell KL, Winters-Stone KM, Wiskemann J, May AM, Schwartz AL, Courneya KS, Zucker DS, Matthews CE, Ligibel JA, Gerber LH, Morris GS, Patel AV, Hue TF, Perna FM, Schmitz KH. Exercise guidelines for cancer survivors: consensus statement from international multidisciplinary roundtable. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(11):2375–90.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  99. Jacot W, Arnaud A, Jarlier M, Lefeuvre-Plesse C, Dalivoust P, Senesse P, Azzedine A, Tredan O, Sadot-Lebouvier S, Mas S, Carayol M, Bleuse JP, Gourgou S, Janiszewski C, Launay S, D’Hondt V, Lauridant G, Grenier J, Romieu G, Ninot G, Vanlemmens L. Brief hospital supervision of exercise and diet during adjuvant breast cancer therapy is not enough to relieve fatigue: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3081.

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  100. van Vulpen JK, Sweegers MG, Peeters PHM, Courneya KS, Newton RU, Aaronson NK, Jacobsen PB, GalvÃo DA, Chinapaw MJ, Steindorf K, Irwin ML, Stuiver MM, Hayes S, Griffith KA, Mesters I, Knoop H, Goedendorp MM, Mutrie N, Daley AJ, McConnachie A, Bohus M, Thorsen L, Schulz KH, Short CE, James EL, Plotnikoff RC, Schmidt ME, Ulrich CM, van Beurden M, Oldenburg HS, Sonke GS, van Harten WH, Schmitz KH, Winters-Stone KM, Velthuis MJ, Taaffe DR, van Mechelen W, Kersten MJ, Nollet F, Wenzel J, Wiskemann J, Verdonck DE, Leeuw IM, Brug J, May AM, Buffart LM. Moderators of exercise effects on cancer-related fatigue: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52(2):303–14.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. Sweegers MG, Buffart LM, van Veldhuizen WM, Geleijn E, Verheul HMW, Brug J, Chinapaw MJM, Altenburg TM. How does a supervised exercise program improve quality of life in patients with cancer? A concept mapping study examining patients’ perspectives. Oncologist. 2019;24(6):e374–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Buffart LM, Sweegers MG, May AM, Chinapaw MJ, van Vulpen JK, Newton RU, Galvão DA, Aaronson NK, Stuiver MM, Jacobsen PB, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, Steindorf K, Irwin ML, Hayes S, Griffith KA, Lucia A, Herrero-Roman F, Mesters I, van Weert E, Knoop H, Goedendorp MM, Mutrie N, Daley AJ, McConnachie A, Bohus M, Thorsen L, Schulz KH, Short CE, James EL, Plotnikoff RC, Arbane G, Schmidt ME, Potthoff K, van Beurden M, Oldenburg HS, Sonke GS, van Harten WH, Garrod R, Schmitz KH, Winters-Stone KM, Velthuis MJ, Taaffe DR, van Mechelen W, José Kersten M, Nollet F, Wenzel J, Wiskemann J, Brug J, Courneya KS. Targeting exercise interventions to patients with cancer in need: an individual patient data meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110(11):1190–200.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  103. Friedenreich CM, Neilson HK, Farris MS, Courneya KS. Physical activity and cancer outcomes: a precision medicine approach. Clin Cancer Res. 2016;22(19):4766–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Cave J, Paschalis A, Huang CY, West M, Copson E, Jack S, Grocott MPW. A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of aerobic exercise during cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(10):3337–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Cavalheri V, Burtin C, Formico VR, Nonoyama ML, Jenkins S, Spruit MA, Hill K. Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;6(6):CD009955.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Mijwel S, Bolam KA, Gerrevall J, Foukakis T, Wengström Y, Rundqvist H. Effects of exercise on chemotherapy completion and hospitalization rates: the optiTrain breast cancer trial. Oncologist. 2020;25(1):23–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Mohamady HM, Elsisi HF, Aneis YM. Impact of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on chemotherapy-induced anemia in elderly women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Adv Res. 2017;8(1):7–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Zimmer P, Trebing S, Timmers-Trebing U, Schenk A, Paust R, Bloch W, Rudolph R, Streckmann F, Baumann FT. Eight-week, multimodal exercise counteracts a progress of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and improves balance and strength in metastasized colorectal cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(2):615–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Møller AB, Lønbro S, Farup J, Voss TS, Rittig N, Wang J, Højris I, Mikkelsen UR, Jessen N. Molecular and cellular adaptations to exercise training in skeletal muscle from cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2019;145(6):1449–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Ballarò R, Beltrà M, De Lucia S, Pin F, Ranjbar K, Hulmi JJ, Costelli P, Penna F. Moderate exercise in mice improves cancer plus chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting and mitochondrial alterations. FASEB J. 2019;33(4):5482–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Runacres A, Mackintosh KA, McNarry MA. Health consequences of an elite sporting career: long-term detriment or long-term gain? A meta-analysis of 165,000 former athletes. Sports Med. 2021;51(2):289–301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. de van der Schueren MAE, Laviano A, Blanchard H, Jourdan M, Arends J, Baracos VE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for oral nutritional intervention on nutritional and clinical outcomes during chemo(radio)therapy: current evidence and guidance for design of future trials. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(5):1141–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. Lévesque S, Pol JG, Ferrere G, Galluzzi L, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Trial watch: dietary interventions for cancer therapy. Onco Targets Ther. 2019;8(7):1591878.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Antoun S, Raynard B. Muscle protein anabolism in advanced cancer patients: response to protein and amino acids support, and to physical activity. Ann Oncol. 2018;29(suppl_2):ii10–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Poort H, Peters M, Bleijenberg G, Gielissen MF, Goedendorp MM, Jacobsen P, Verhagen S, Knoop H. Psychosocial interventions for fatigue during cancer treatment with palliative intent. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7(7):CD012030.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Kalter J, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM, Sweegers MG, Aaronson NK, Jacobsen PB, Newton RU, Courneya KS, Aitken JF, Armes J, Arving C, Boersma LJ, Braamse AMJ, Brandberg Y, Chambers SK, Dekker J, Ell K, Ferguson RJ, Gielissen MFM, Glimelius B, Goedendorp MM, Graves KD, Heiney SP, Horne R, Hunter MS, Johansson B, Kimman ML, Knoop H, Meneses K, Northouse LL, Oldenburg HS, Prins JB, Savard J, van Beurden M, van den Berg SW, Brug J, Buffart LM. Effects and moderators of psychosocial interventions on quality of life, and emotional and social function in patients with cancer: an individual patient data meta-analysis of 22 RCTs. Psychooncology. 2018;27(4):1150–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  117. van Emmerik AA, Reijntjes A, Kamphuis JH. Writing therapy for posttraumatic stress: a meta-analysis. Psychother Psychosom. 2013;82(2):82–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Qi Y, Lin L, Dong B, Xu E, Bao Z, Qi J, Chen X, Tian L. Music interventions can alleviate cancer-related fatigue: a metaanalysis. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29(7):3461–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Atkinson TM, Liou KT, Borten MA, Li QS, Popkin K, Webb A, DeRito J, Lynch KA, Mao JJ. Association between music therapy techniques and patient-reported moderate to severe fatigue in hospitalized adults with cancer. JCO Oncol Pract. 2020;16(12):e1553–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  120. Puetz TW, Morley CA, Herring MP. Effects of creative arts therapies on psychological symptoms and quality of life in patients with cancer. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(11):960–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Kröz M, Mehl A, Didwiszus A, Gelin-Kröz B, Reif M, Berger B, Ten Brink F, Zerm R, Girke M, Gutenbrunner C, Büssing A. Reliability and first validity of the inner correspondence questionnaire for painting therapy (ICPTh) in a sample of breast cancer patients. Complement Ther Med. 2019;42:355–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Post-White J, Kinney ME, Savik K, Gau JB, Wilcox C, Lerner I. Therapeutic massage and healing touch improve symptoms in cancer. Integr Cancer Ther. 2003;2(4):332–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Cassileth BR, Vickers AJ. Massage therapy for symptom control: outcome study at a major cancer center. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2004;28(3):244–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Sand-Jecklin K, Reiser V. Use of seva stress release acupressure to reduce pain, stress, and fatigue in patients hospitalized for cancer treatment. J Hosp Palliat Nurs. 2018;20(6):521–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Rejeh N, Tadrisi SD, Yazdani S, Saatchi K, Vaismoradi M. The effect of hand reflexology massage on pain and fatigue in patients after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Nurs Res Pract. 2020;2020:8386167.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  126. Goldstein P, Weissman-Fogel I, Dumas G, Shamay-Tsoory SG. Brain-to-brain coupling during handholding is associated with pain reduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(11):E2528–E253.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  127. Rieger KL, Lobchuk MM, Duff MA, Chernomas WM, Demczuk L, Campbell-Enns HJ, Zaborniak AR, Nweze S, West CH. Mindfulness-based arts interventions for cancer care: a systematic review of the effects on wellbeing and fatigue. Psychooncology. 2021;30(2):240–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Schell LK, Monsef I, Wöckel A, Skoetz N. Mindfulness-based stress reduction for women diagnosed with breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3(3):CD011518.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Haller H, Winkler MM, Klose P, Dobos G, Kümmel S, Cramer H. Mindfulness-based interventions for women with breast cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol. 2017;56(12):1665–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Cillessen L, Johannsen M, Speckens AEM, Zachariae R. Mindfulness-based interventions for psychological and physical health outcomes in cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychooncology. 2019;28(12):2257–69.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  131. Armer JS, Lutgendorf SK. The impact of yoga on fatigue in cancer survivorship: a meta-analysis. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2019;4(2):pkz098.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  132. Dong B, Xie C, Jing X, Lin L, Tian L. Yoga has a solid effect on cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019;177(1):5–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Danhauer SC, Addington EL, Cohen L, Sohl SJ, Van Puymbroeck M, Albinati NK, Culos-Reed SN. Yoga for symptom management in oncology: a review of the evidence base and future directions for research. Cancer. 2019;125(12):1979–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Zetzl T, Renner A, Pittig A, Jentschke E, Roch C, van Oorschot B. Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29(6):2973–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Lin PJ, Kleckner IR, Loh KP, Inglis JE, Peppone LJ, Janelsins MC, Kamen CS, Heckler CE, Culakova E, Pigeon WR, Reddy PS, Messino MJ, Gaur R, Mustian KM. Influence of yoga on cancer-related fatigue and on mediational relationships between changes in sleep and cancer-related fatigue: a nationwide, multicenter randomized controlled trial of yoga in cancer survivors. Integr Cancer Ther. 2019;18:1534735419855134.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  136. Ni X, Chan RJ, Yates P, Hu W, Huang X, Lou Y. The effects of Tai Chi on quality of life of cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(10):3701–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  137. Yates P, Aranda S, Hargraves M, Mirolo B, Clavarino A, McLachlan S, Skerman H. Randomized controlled trial of an educational intervention for managing fatigue in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(25):6027–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  138. Sadeghi E, Gozali N, Moghaddam Tabrizi F. Effects of energy conservation strategies on cancer related fatigue and health promotion lifestyle in breast cancersurvivors: a randomized control trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016;17(10):4783–90.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  139. Spahrkäs SS, Looijmans A, Sanderman R, Hagedoorn M. Beating cancer-related fatigue with the Untire mobile app: results from a waiting-list randomized controlled trial. Psychooncology. 2020;29(11):1823–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  140. Klasson C, Helde Frankling M, Lundh Hagelin C, Björkhem-Bergman L. Fatigue in cancer patients in palliative care—a review on pharmacological interventions. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(5):985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. With Advanced Cancer. A prospective, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2020;60(5):992–1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. Centeno C, Rojí R, Portela MA, De Santiago A, Cuervo MA, Ramos D, Gandara A, Salgado E, Gagnon B, Sanz A. Improved cancer-related fatigue in a randomised clinical trial: methylphenidate no better than placebo. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2020:bmjspcare-2020-002454.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Gong S, Sheng P, Jin H, He H, Qi E, Chen W, Dong Y, Hou L. Effect of methylphenidate in patients with cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e84391.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Barton DL, Soori GS, Bauer BA, Sloan JA, Johnson PA, Figueras C, Duane S, Mattar B, Liu H, Atherton PJ, Christensen B, Loprinzi CL. Pilot study of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding evaluation: NCCTG trial N03CA. Support Care Cancer. 2010;18(2):179–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Sadeghian M, Rahmani S, Zendehdel M, Hosseini SA, Zare Javid A. Ginseng and cancer-related fatigue: a systematic review of clinical trials. Nutr Cancer. 2020;21:1–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Survivorship Fatigue Clinic, c/o location Onkologie-Schaffhausen and Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland

    Florian Strasser

Authors
  1. Florian Strasser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch, Luxembourg

    Stefan Rauh

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Strasser, F. (2021). Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue. In: Rauh, S. (eds) Survivorship Care for Cancer Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78648-9_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78648-9_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78647-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78648-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation