Abstract
Smartphones have become a central part of information processing devices. Smartphones are used for information searching, taking photographs, listening to music, and socializing. However, as the number of smartphone users continues to expand, a number of problems related to smartphone overuse have emerged. Smartphone overuse is most commonly discouraged by issuing warnings to users or imposing a time limit on usage. However, although these methods discourage smartphone use at the time of issue, simple warnings are ineffective and excessively severe restrictions can frustrate users. This paper proposes a system that messages users through an anthropomorphic character when their smartphone has been overused. The system, called “CHIAPON”, was experimentally evaluated on 25 college students. The results showed that message notification by an anthropomorphic character can improve users’ motivation to reduce their smartphone use, but the extent of this reduction was not clarified. However, the participants using CHIAPON perceived the system positively, suggesting that the effect of the system can increase with long-term use.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AlAbdulwahab, S.S., Kachanathu, S.J., AlMotairi, M.S.: Smartphone use addiction can cause neck disability. Musculoskelet. Care 15(1), 10–12 (2017)
Berolo, S., Wells, R.P., Amick, B.C.: Musculoskeletal symptoms among mobile hand-held device users and their relationship to device use: a preliminary study in a Canadian university population. Appl. Ergon. 42(2), 371–378 (2011)
Byington, K.W., Schwebel, D.C.: Effects of mobile Internet use on college student pedestrian injury risk. Accid. Anal. Prev. 51, 78–83 (2013)
David, P., Kim, J.H., Brickman, J.S., Ran, W., Curtis, C.M.: Mobile phone distraction while studying. New Media Soc. 17(10), 1661–1679 (2015)
Duke, É., Montag, C.: Smartphone addiction, daily interruptions and self-reported productivity. Addict. Behav. Rep. 6, 90–95 (2017)
Elhai, J.D., Levine, J.C., Dvorak, R.D., Hall, B.J.: Fear of missing out, need for touch, anxiety and depression are related to problematic smartphone use. Comput. Hum. Behav. 63, 509–516 (2016)
Felisoni, D.D., Godoi, A.S.: Cell phone usage and academic performance: an experiment. Comput. Educ. 117, 175–187 (2018)
Hiniker, A., Hong, S., Kohno, T., Kientz, J.A.: MyTime: designing and evaluating an intervention for smartphone non-use. In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 4746–4757 (2016)
Holte, A.J., Ferraro, F.R.: True colors: grayscale setting reduces screen time in college students. Soc. Sci. J. 1–17 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2020.1737461
Kim, J., Jung, H., Ko, M., Lee, U.: GoalKeeper: exploring interaction lockout mechanisms for regulating smartphone use. Proc. ACM Interact. Mobile Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 3(1), 1–29 (2019)
Kim, J., Park, J., Lee, H., Ko, M., Lee, U.: LocknType: lockout task intervention for discouraging smartphone app use. In: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1–12 (2019)
Ko, M., et al.: NUGU: a group-based intervention app for improving self-regulation of limiting Smartphone use. In: CSCW 2015 - Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, pp. 1235–1245 (2015)
Lepp, A., Barkley, J.E., Karpinski, A.C.: The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students. Comput. Hum. Behav. 31(1), 343–350 (2014)
Lin, M.I., Huang, Y.P.: The impact of walking while using a smartphone on pedestrians’ awareness of roadside events. Accid. Anal. Prev. 101, 87–96 (2017)
Nasar, J., Hecht, P., Wener, R.: Mobile telephones, distracted attention, and pedestrian safety. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40(1), 69–75 (2008)
Oh, J.H., Yoo, H., Park, H.K., Do, Y.R.: Analysis of circadian properties and healthy levels of blue light from smartphones at night. Sci. Rep. 5, 11325 (2015)
Schoenebeck, S.Y.: Giving up Twitter for lent: how and why we take breaks from social media. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 773–782 (2014)
Schwebel, D.C., Stavrinos, D., Byington, K.W., Davis, T., O’Neal, E.E., De Jong, D.: Distraction and pedestrian safety: how talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music impact crossing the street. Accid. Anal. Prev. 45, 266–271 (2012)
Van Deursen, A.J., Bolle, C.L., Hegner, S.M., Kommers, P.A.: Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: the role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender. Comput. Hum. Behav. 45, 411–420 (2015)
Wolniewicz, C.A., Tiamiyu, M.F., Weeks, J.W., Elhai, J.D.: Problematic smart-phone use and relations with negative affect, fear of missing out, and fear of negative and positive evaluation. Psychiatry Res. 262, 618–623 (2018)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 20K11909. I would like to thank R. Yako and S. Yoshida for useful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Murata, K. (2021). CHIAPON: An Anthropomorphic Character Notification System that Discourages Their Excessive Smartphone Use. In: Kurosu, M. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction Techniques and Novel Applications. HCII 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12763. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78465-2_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78465-2_32
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78464-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78465-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)