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Biotechnological Advancements in Livestock Production

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Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 54

Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 54))

Abstract

Animal-based agriculture is being used to surmount the food demand for the ever-increasing human population under limited land and water resources. The meat and milk consumption has severely grown over the past few decades with increasing population and the demand is expected to grow by double in the next three decades. The fulfillment of milk, meat, and related products demand has turned into a greater challenge for poor and developing countries which is leading to malnutrition. The traditional methods for livestock production are facing challenges due to limited offspring production, unstable genetic improvement, tedious methods, high cost, and disease susceptibility. Here we review the modern technological developments offering interesting solutions to the issues associated with conventional methods for animal production. The advanced biotechnological interventions such as in vitro fertilization, somatic nuclear transfer, embryonic stem cell technology, multiple ovulations, and embryo transfer could improve the nutritional composition and animal health. The capabilities of precise and desired interventions at the cellular and molecular levels renders unprecedented developments in animal reproduction. Molecular marker-assisted selection and transfer of useful and superior traits to the recipient line ensures improvements such as better growth, quality, and disease-resistance for several generations. The chapter covers biotechnological methodologies adopted in modern animal breeding, including marker-assisted selection methods for stable and improved livestock production.

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Abbreviations

AFLPs:

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms

AI:

Artificial insemination (AI)

BCWD:

Bacterial cold-water disease

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

BLUP:

Best linear unbiased prediction

BOEC:

Bovine oviduct epithelial cells

CRISPR Cas9:

Cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

DNA:

De-oxy ribonucleic acid

eCG:

Equine chorionic gonadotropins

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell technology (ESC)

ET:

Embryo transfer (ET)

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

FSH:

Follicle-stimulating hormones

GAS:

Gene-assisted selection

IETS:

International Embryo Technology Society

IVF:

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

JAK/STAT:

Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins

LD:

Linkage disequilibrium

LE:

Linkage equilibrium

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

LIF:

Leukemia inhibitory factor

MAI:

Molecular marker-assisted introgression

MAS:

Marker Assisted Selection

MOET:

Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET)

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

PCC:

Premature chromosome condensation

QTL:

Quantitative Trait Locus

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

RFLPs:

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms

SCNT:

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)

SCR:

Sire conception rate

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SSR:

Simple sequence repeats

TALEN:

Transcription activator-like effector nuclease

TGF-beta:

Transforming growth factor beta

TGS:

Third-generation sequencing

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia for providing the computational infrastructure and central library facilities for procuring references and plagiarism analysis (Turnitin: Plagiarism Detection Software).

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the study was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Bhaskar Sharma

  2. Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India

    Bhaskar Sharma

  3. Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India

    Dixita Chettri & Anil Kumar Verma

Authors
  1. Bhaskar Sharma
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  2. Dixita Chettri
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  3. Anil Kumar Verma
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Correspondence to Anil Kumar Verma .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Vinod Kumar Yata

  2. Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Ashok Kumar Mohanty

  3. Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Sharma, B., Chettri, D., Verma, A.K. (2021). Biotechnological Advancements in Livestock Production. In: Yata, V.K., Mohanty, A.K., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 54. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 54. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76529-3_3

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