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Standards and Technologies from Building Sector, IoT, and Open-Source Trends

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Towards Energy Smart Homes

Abstract

Home Automation (HA) has a long history becoming Smart Home (SH) or Smart Building (SB) when human-to-machine and machine-to-machine communications are able to turn each Things into a global system that is able to interact and make decisions. Based on European directives, energy-efficient technologies are one of the main levers of its development. Energy monitoring, and especially Measure and Verification (M&V), allows Energy Performance Contract (EPC) to help guarantying building performances from design to reality, while real-time feedback to occupants helps them to understand and better use their systems. Many metrics are available at building level in order to compare building performances, summarized here according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). SB is also open to outside, since it is integrated now into smart-district and smart-city, widening the interactions with other intelligent Things, referred for instance by Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI).

ISO 52000 series aims to reorganize all the standards relating to the energy performance of buildings. Building Management System (BMS) aims at providing smart functionalities categorized in monitoring, supervision, and efficiency continuous improvement. There are dedicated energy management algorithms, especially for HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems, that are more and more often related to occupant’s behavior. These algorithms are going to be adaptive, including predictive automation, control, and maintenance.

A technical description of BMS is given, decomposed using three levels: management (including user interactive interface), automation (processing sensory data and performing energy-saving strategies), and field (sensors and actuators infrastructure). Levels are able to communicate with lots of available protocols that we are detailing, depending their openness, centralization, and versatility. Then we focus on Home Automation (HA), and highlight a shift coming from Information Technology (IT) players, that brings innovations with end-users services, leading to the concept of Smart Home (SH).

Standards from the world of SB, necessary to structure and optimize an industrial organization, have given way to HA agile solutions exploiting plug-and-play and cloud infrastructure. Internet of things (IoT) technology is then detailed, including architecture, interoperability, security, privacy, context-aware capacity. Typical IoT for home energy monitoring are illustrated with a specific focus on wireless technologies and many references of hardware and protocols are given.

Complementary to commercial solutions, last part is about open source (OS) for HA, including a review of OS software, low-cost hardware, and brief history of OS projects. A review of some SH projects is then concluding this chapter showing OS alternatives to single solution providers, to offer ever more accessible services to citizens.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://smartreadinessindicator.eu

  2. 2.

    https://www.smartbuildingsalliance.org/

  3. 3.

    https://dribbble.com/shots/4612989-Smart-home-dashboard-concept

  4. 4.

    https://www.big-eu.org/en/news/news-press-releases/news/mike-newman-the-father-of-bacnet-has-passed-away

  5. 5.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA

  6. 6.

    https://www.statista.com/

  7. 7.

    https://yourthings.info

  8. 8.

    https://dev.netatmo.com/

  9. 9.

    Hui Fu, The IoT Smarthome Battlefield: A Jointly Endorsed IoT Standard for the Home Area Network (HAN), IoT for all, February 12, 2020. Ref: https://www.iotforall.com/connected-home-over-ip/

  10. 10.

    www.enerbee.fr

  11. 11.

    https://ubidots.com/blog/open-source-home-automation/

  12. 12.

    https://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/personal-computers/17/312

  13. 13.

    https://www.oshwa.org/definition/

  14. 14.

    https://mikemcquaid.com/2018/08/14/the-open-source-contributor-funnel-why-people-dont-contribute-to-your-open-source-project/

  15. 15.

    https://opensourcesurvey.org/2017/

  16. 16.

    https://choosealicense.com/

  17. 17.

    https://creativecommons.org/

  18. 18.

    https://www.seeedstudio.com/smartcitizen

  19. 19.

    https://smartcitizen.me/kits/1352

  20. 20.

    https://openenergymonitor.org/

  21. 21.

    https://amiqual4home.inria.fr/tools/smart-home/

  22. 22.

    https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/fcj2hmz5kb

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  1. G2Elab, CNRS, Grenoble INP, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    Benoit Delinchant & Jérôme Ferrari

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  1. Benoit Delinchant
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  1. G-SCOP lab, Grenoble Institute of Technology University of Grenoble Alps, Grenoble, France

    Stephane Ploix

  2. CNRS, Grenoble, France

    Manar Amayri

  3. CIISE, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Nizar Bouguila

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Delinchant, B., Ferrari, J. (2021). Standards and Technologies from Building Sector, IoT, and Open-Source Trends. In: Ploix, S., Amayri, M., Bouguila, N. (eds) Towards Energy Smart Homes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76477-7_3

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