Technologies for the Production and Application of Organic Fertilizers in Agriculture

Abstract

The paper analyzes the condition of soil resources in organic agricultural production and systems for their restoration. A system of methods for restoration and improvement of soil fertility is proposed: the use of green manure, organic fertilizers, precision farming systems, the implementation of scientifically based zonal crop rotation, the technogenic impact of machinery and equipment on the arable layer of land; the use of new varieties of grain crops, taking into account zonal features, the management of technological processes of restoration and improvement of soil fertility. The purpose of the study is to develop a technology for the production and use of organic fertilizers and a system of machines for their implementation in the agricultural sector based on innovative approaches. Particular attention is paid to the consideration and development of technologies for processing liquid manure and, on its basis, the production of high-quality liquid and solid, concentrated organic fertilizers [COF] using biologically active additives [BAA]. The principles of constructing a system of machines for the restoration of soil resources are substantiated. The technological characteristics of the basic machines for the production of solid COF are given: a mobile unit for local processing of liquid manure with a capacity of up to 45 m³/h for initial manure; tiller agitator with equipment for dosing the application of dietary supplements with a capacity of up to 400 t/h, a machine for making solid COF with a pneumocentrifugal distributing body for their application on the surface with doses up to 4 t/ha. The basic machine for the preparation and application of liquid COF is a mobile unit based on machines for the application of liquid organic fertilizers [MALF] with autonomous equipment for mixing dietary supplements with liquid manure and applying it in the doses from 1 to 4 t/ha. The use of liquid and solid COF in low doses allows not only to improve the soil production layer by biochemical parameters but also to recoup the costs of their production by the resulting increase in grain and forage crops.