Skip to main content

Life Course Approach, Embodiment and Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Social Environment and Cancer in Europe

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief summary of the way in which the social becomes biological, also conceptualised as the biological embodiment of the social environment. Firstly, this synthesis presents and defines the concept of embodiment and its usefulness when aiming to understand the construction of the social gradient in health. Secondly, we will present a potential measure of embodiment through the measure of allostatic load and discuss the limitations and opportunities that it presents for studying the social determinants of health before discussing how and why the concept of embodiment may be particularly relevant in the cancer field. This synthesis is based on the main findings from the literature focused on life course epidemiology and embodiment and highlights more specifically some of the work carried out by our research team.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adkins B, Leclerc C, Marshall-Clarke S. Neonatal adaptive immunity comes of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4:553–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anda RF, Felitti VJ, Bremner JD, Walker JD, Whitfield C, Perry BD, Dube SR, Giles WH. The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. A convergence of evidence from neurobiology and epidemiology. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006;256:174–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Antoni MH, Lutgendorf SK, Cole SW, Dhabhar FS, Sephton SE, Mcdonald PG, Stefanek M, Sood AK. The influence of bio-behavioural factors on tumour biology: pathways and mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6:240–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Argentieri MA, Nagarajan S, Seddighzadeh B, Baccarelli AA, Shields AE. Epigenetic pathways in human disease: the impact of DNA methylation on stress-related pathogenesis and current challenges in biomarker development. EBioMedicine. 2017;18:327–50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bahri N, Fathi Najafi T, Homaei Shandiz F, Tohidinik HR, Khajavi A. The relation between stressful life events and breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019;176:53–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barabasi AL, Gulbahce N, Loscalzo J. Network medicine: a network-based approach to human disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2011;12:56–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Barboza Solis C, Kelly-Irving M, Fantin R, Darnaudery M, Torrisani J, Lang T, Delpierre C. Adverse childhood experiences and physiological wear-and-tear in midlife: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:E738–46.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barboza Solis C, Fantin R, Castagne R, Lang T, Delpierre C, Kelly-Irving M. Mediating pathways between parental socio-economic position and allostatic load in mid-life: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort. Soc Sci Med. 2016a;165:19–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barboza Solis C, Fantin R, Kelly-Irving M, Delpierre C. Physiological wear-and-tear and later subjective health in mid-life: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016b;74:24–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barker DJ. The fetal and infant origins of adult disease. BMJ. 1990;301:1111.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Belsky DW, Caspi A, Houts R, Cohen HJ, Corcoran DL, Danese A, Harrington H, Israel S, Levine ME, Schaefer JD, Sugden K, Williams B, Yashin AI, Poulton R, Moffitt TE. Quantification of biological aging in young adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112:E4104–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Castagne R, Gares V, Karimi M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Vineis P, Delpierre C, Kelly-Irving M, Lifepath C. Allostatic load and subsequent all-cause mortality: which biological markers drive the relationship? Findings from a UK birth cohort. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33:441–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen DS, Flensborg-Madsen T, Garde E, Hansen AM, Masters Pedersen J, Mortensen EL. Early life predictors of midlife allostatic load: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2018a;13:e0202395.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen DS, Flensborg-Madsen T, Garde E, Hansen AM, Pedersen JM, Mortensen EL. Parental socioeconomic position and midlife allostatic load: a study of potential mediators. BMC Public Health. 2018b;18:1029.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Cole SW. Nervous system regulation of the cancer genome. Brain Behav Immun. 2013;30(Suppl):S10–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cole SW. Human social genomics. PLoS Genet. 2014;10:e1004601.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole SW, Nagaraja AS, Lutgendorf SK, Green PA, Sood AK. Sympathetic nervous system regulation of the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer. 2015;15:563–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Danese A, Mcewen BS. Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. Physiol Behav. 2012;106:29–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Danese A, Moffitt TE, Harrington H, Milne BJ, Polanczyk G, Pariante CM, Poulton R, Caspi A. Adverse childhood experiences and adult risk factors for age-related disease: depression, inflammation, and clustering of metabolic risk markers. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009;163:1135–43.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Duijts SF, Zeegers MP, Borne BV. The association between stressful life events and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer. 2003;107:1023–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duru OK, Harawa NT, Kermah D, Norris KC. Allostatic load burden and racial disparities in mortality. J Natl Med Assoc. 2012;104:89–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 1998;14:245–58.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. REPRINT OF: relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 2019;56:774–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galobardes B, Lynch JW, Davey Smith G. Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality in adulthood: systematic review and interpretation. Epidemiol Rev. 2004;26:7–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gogtay N, Giedd JN, Lusk L, Hayashi KM, Greenstein D, Vaituzis AC, Nugent TF 3rd, Herman DH, Clasen LS, Toga AW, Rapoport JL, Thompson PM. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:8174–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Graves KY, Nowakowski ACH. Childhood socioeconomic status and stress in late adulthood: a longitudinal approach to measuring allostatic load. Glob Pediatr Health. 2017;4:2333794X17744950.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gruenewald TL, Seeman TE, Ryff CD, Karlamangla AS, Singer BH. Combinations of biomarkers predictive of later life mortality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103:14158–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Gruenewald TL, Karlamangla AS, Hu P, Stein-Merkin S, Crandall C, Koretz B, Seeman TE. History of socioeconomic disadvantage and allostatic load in later life. Soc Sci Med. 2012;74:75–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson PE, Janlert U, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Hammarstrom A. Socioeconomic status over the life course and allostatic load in adulthood: results from the Northern Swedish Cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011;65:986–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson PE, Janlert U, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Hammarstrom A. Social and material adversity from adolescence to adulthood and allostatic load in middle-aged women and men: results from the Northern Swedish Cohort. Ann Behav Med. 2012;43:117–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holman DM, Ports KA, Buchanan ND, Hawkins NA, Merrick MT, Metzler M, Trivers KF. The association between adverse childhood experiences and risk of cancer in adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Pediatrics. 2016;138:S81–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath S. DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol. 2013;14:R115.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hu P, Wagle N, Goldman N, Weinstein M, Seeman TE. The associations between socioeconomic status, allostatic load and measures of health in older Taiwanese persons: Taiwan social environment and biomarkers of aging study. J Biosoc Sci. 2007;39:545–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes K, Bellis MA, Hardcastle KA, Sethi D, Butchart A, Mikton C, Jones L, Dunne MP. The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2:e356–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang AC, Peng LN, Wen YW, Tsai YW, Chang LC, Chiou ST, Chen LK. Predicting all-cause and cause-specific mortality by static and dynamic measurements of allostatic load: a 10-year population-based cohort study in Taiwan. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2014;15:490–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson TE. Recent results: biomarkers of aging. Exp Gerontol. 2006;41:1243–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson SC, Cavallaro FL, Leon DA. A systematic review of allostatic load in relation to socioeconomic position: poor fidelity and major inconsistencies in biomarkers employed. Soc Sci Med. 2017;192:66–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi M, Castagne R, Delpierre C, Albertus G, Berger E, Vineis P, Kumari M, Kelly-Irving M, Chadeau-Hyam M. Early-life inequalities and biological ageing: a multisystem biological health score approach in U nderstanding S ociety. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2019;73:693–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karlamangla AS, Singer BH, Seeman TE. Reduction in allostatic load in older adults is associated with lower all-cause mortality risk: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Psychosom Med. 2006;68:500–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keinan-Boker L, Vin-Raviv N, Liphshitz I, Linn S, Barchana M. Cancer incidence in Israeli Jewish survivors of World War II. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009;101:1489–500.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly-Irving M, Delpierre C. Embodiment over the lifecourse: a case for examining cancer aetiology. In: Meloni M, Cromby J, Fitzgerald D, Lloyd S, editors. The Palgrave handbook of biology and society. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly-Irving M, Delpierre C. A critique of the adverse childhood experiences framework in epidemiology and public health: uses and misuses. Soc Policy Soc. 2019;18:445–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly-Irving M, Lepage B, Dedieu D, Lacey R, Cable N, Bartley M, Blane D, Grosclaude P, Lang T, Delpierre C. Childhood adversity as a risk for cancer: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2013a;13:767.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly-Irving M, Mabile L, Grosclaude P, Lang T, Delpierre C. The embodiment of adverse childhood experiences and cancer development: potential biological mechanisms and pathways across the life course. Int J Public Health. 2013b;58:3–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly-Irving M, Tophoven S, Blane D. Life course research: new opportunities for establishing social and biological plausibility. Int J Public Health. 2015;60:629–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim GR, Jee SH, Pikhart H. Role of allostatic load and health behaviours in explaining socioeconomic disparities in mortality: a structural equation modelling approach. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018;72:545–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kivimaki M, Steptoe A. Effects of stress on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018;15:215–29.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krieger N. Embodiment: a conceptual glossary for epidemiology. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005;59:350–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26:1–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levine ME, Lu AT, Quach A, Chen BH, Assimes TL, Bandinelli S, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Stewart JD, Li Y, Whitsel EA, Wilson JG, Reiner AP, Aviv A, Lohman K, Liu Y, Ferrucci L, Horvath S. An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY). 2018;10:573–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lupien SJ, Mcewen BS, Gunnar MR, Heim C. Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009;10:434–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lutgendorf SK, Sood AK, Antoni MH. Host factors and cancer progression: biobehavioral signaling pathways and interventions. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:4094–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maddock J, Wulaningsih W, Fernandez JC, Ploubidis GB, Goodman A, Bell J, Kuh D, Hardy R. Associations between body size, nutrition and socioeconomic position in early life and the epigenome: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2018;13:e0201672.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marioni RE, Shah S, Mcrae AF, Chen BH, Colicino E, Harris SE, Gibson J, Henders AK, Redmond P, Cox SR, Pattie A, Corley J, Murphy L, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Feinberg AP, Fallin MD, Multhaup ML, Jaffe AE, Joehanes R, Schwartz J, Just AC, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM, Starr JM, Horvath S, Baccarelli AA, Levy D, Visscher PM, Wray NR, Deary IJ. DNA methylation age of blood predicts all-cause mortality in later life. Genome Biol. 2015;16:25.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mccrory C, Fiorito G, Ni Cheallaigh C, Polidoro S, Karisola P, Alenius H, Layte R, Seeman T, Vineis P, Kenny RA. How does socio-economic position (SEP) get biologically embedded? A comparison of allostatic load and the epigenetic clock(s). Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;104:64–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mcewen BS, Stellar E. Stress and the individual. Mechanisms leading to disease. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153:2093–101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Merkin SS, Karlamangla A, Roux AV, Shrager S, Seeman TE. Life course socioeconomic status and longitudinal accumulation of allostatic load in adulthood: multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Public Health. 2014;104:e48–55.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Parente V, Hale L, Palermo T. Association between breast cancer and allostatic load by race: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2008. Psychooncology. 2013;22:621–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrovic D, De Mestral C, Bochud M, Bartley M, Kivimaki M, Vineis P, Mackenbach J, Stringhini S. The contribution of health behaviors to socioeconomic inequalities in health: a systematic review. Prev Med. 2018;113:15–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ports KA, Holman DM, Guinn AS, Pampati S, Dyer KE, Merrick MT, Lunsford NB, Metzler M. Adverse childhood experiences and the presence of cancer risk factors in adulthood: a scoping review of the literature from 2005 to 2015. J Pediatr Nurs. 2019;44:81–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price LH, Kao HT, Burgers DE, Carpenter LL, Tyrka AR. Telomeres and early-life stress: an overview. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;73:15–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Provencal N, Binder EB. The effects of early life stress on the epigenome: from the womb to adulthood and even before. Exp Neurol. 2015;268:10–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Provencal N, Suderman MJ, Guillemin C, Massart R, Ruggiero A, Wang D, Bennett AJ, Pierre PJ, Friedman DP, Cote SM, Hallett M, Tremblay RE, Suomi SJ, Szyf M. The signature of maternal rearing in the methylome in rhesus macaque prefrontal cortex and T cells. J Neurosci. 2012;32:15626–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson T, Popham F, Benzeval M. Socioeconomic position across the lifecourse & allostatic load: data from the West of Scotland Twenty-07 cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:184.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson T, Benzeval M, Whitley E, Popham F. The role of material, psychosocial and behavioral factors in mediating the association between socioeconomic position and allostatic load (measured by cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory markers). Brain Behav Immun. 2015;45:41–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson T, Beveridge G, Bromley C. Allostatic load as a predictor of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the general population: evidence from the Scottish Health Survey. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0183297.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez JM, Karlamangla AS, Gruenewald TL, Miller-Martinez D, Merkin SS, Seeman TE. Social stratification and allostatic load: shapes of health differences in the MIDUS study in the United States. J Biosoc Sci. 2019;51:627–44.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman TE, Singer BH, Rowe JW, Horwitz RI, Mcewen BS. Price of adaptation--allostatic load and its health consequences. MacArthur studies of successful aging. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:2259–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman TE, Mcewen BS, Rowe JW, Singer BH. Allostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:4770–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman T, Glei D, Goldman N, Weinstein M, Singer B, Lin YH. Social relationships and allostatic load in Taiwanese elderly and near elderly. Soc Sci Med. 2004a;59:2245–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman TE, Crimmins E, Huang MH, Singer B, Bucur A, Gruenewald T, Berkman LF, Reuben DB. Cumulative biological risk and socio-economic differences in mortality: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Soc Sci Med. 2004b;58:1985–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman T, Gruenewald T, Karlamangla A, Sidney S, Liu K, Mcewen B, Schwartz J. Modeling multisystem biological risk in young adults: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Am J Hum Biol. 2010;22:463–72.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shonkoff JP, Garner AS. The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics. 2012;129:e232–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shonkoff JP, Boyce WT, Mcewen BS. Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. JAMA. 2009;301:2252–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steptoe A, Kivimaki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease: an update on current knowledge. Annu Rev Public Health. 2013;34:337–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sterling P, Eyer J. Allostasis: a new paradigm to explain arousal pathology. In: Fisher S, Reason J, editors. Handbook of life stress, cognition and health. New York: Wiley; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stringhini S, Carmeli C, Jokela M, Avendano M, Muennig P, Guida F, Ricceri F, D’errico A, Barros H, Bochud M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Costa G, Delpierre C, Fraga S, Goldberg M, Giles GG, Krogh V, Kelly-Irving M, Layte R, Lasserre AM, Marmot MG, Preisig M, Shipley MJ, Vollenweider P, Zins M, Kawachi I, Steptoe A, Mackenbach JP, Vineis P, Kivimaki M, Consortium L. Socioeconomic status and the 25 x 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1.7 million men and women. Lancet. 2017;389:1229–37.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thaker PH, Han LY, Kamat AA, Arevalo JM, Takahashi R, Lu C, Jennings NB, Armaiz-Pena G, Bankson JA, Ravoori M, Merritt WM, Lin YG, Mangala LS, Kim TJ, Coleman RL, Landen CN, Li Y, Felix E, Sanguino AM, Newman RA, Lloyd M, Gershenson DM, Kundra V, Lopez-Berestein G, Lutgendorf SK, Cole SW, Sood AK. Chronic stress promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma. Nat Med. 2006;12:939–44.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Udumyan R, Montgomery S, Fang F, Almroth H, Valdimarsdottir U, Ekbom A, Smedby KE, Fall K. Beta-blocker drug use and survival among patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 2017;77:3700–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins JL, Thaker PH, Nick AM, Ramondetta LM, Kumar S, Urbauer DL, Matsuo K, Squires KC, Coleman RL, Lutgendorf SK, Ramirez PT, Sood AK. Clinical impact of selective and nonselective beta-blockers on survival in patients with ovarian cancer. Cancer. 2015;121:3444–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver IC, Diorio J, Seckl JR, Szyf M, Meaney MJ. Early environmental regulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor gene expression: characterization of intracellular mediators and potential genomic target sites. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1024:182–212.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xing CY, Doose M, Qin B, Lin Y, Plascak JJ, Omene C, He C, Demissie K, Hong CC, Bandera EV, Llanos AM. Prediagnostic allostatic load as a predictor of poorly differentiated and larger sized breast cancers among black women in the women’s circle of health follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2020;29:216–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cyrille Delpierre .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Delpierre, C., Kelly-Irving, M. (2021). Life Course Approach, Embodiment and Cancer. In: Launoy, G., Zadnik, V., Coleman, M.P. (eds) Social Environment and Cancer in Europe. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69329-9_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69329-9_16

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-69328-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69329-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics