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Cockpit: A Portal for Symbiotic Human–Robot Collaborative Assembly

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Advanced Human-Robot Collaboration in Manufacturing

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Abstract

The industrial sector today is experiencing its fourth industrial revolution, powered by technological advances in the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT). Customer demands for mass customisation have increased product variation. Moreover, products are manufactured faster and with higher consistency. In this new context, machines alone do not seem agile enough to keep pace with the growing demand for customised products and shorter cycle times. As digital technology is becoming a pervasive feature of production systems, conventional workstations, equipped with modern embedded systems and ICT, are gradually transforming into smart workstations, in which humans and robots may work and carry out their tasks together. In such a smart environment the human factor is expected to be seamlessly supported by automation systems. To achieve this, several subsystems should be integrated and orchestrated, evaluating key collaboration aspects while ensuring human safety and operational efficiency. However, the increased complexity of such a system of systems requires sophisticated control approaches to maintain high levels of adaptability to unforeseen events that may occur in runtime. For this purpose, a software platform is presented in the following sections, facilitating human–robot collaboration in the context of an assembly workstation. The platform, namely a planning and control cockpit, enables human–robot collaborative assembly, acting as the portal for planning, scheduling, and integration of all required systems to execute, control and adapt the production process to possible events. Key integrated functionalities supporting the collaboration of human operators with industrial manipulators include subsystems in charge of human safety, robot execution control, high-level planning. The platform serves as the main symbiotic orchestrator capable of adaptive assembly planning and execution control of a hybrid assembly station. A prototype implementation is described. The cockpit is tested and validated in a use case related to the automotive industry and human–robot collaborative assembly in a workstation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems and Automation, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Nikolaos Nikolakis, Konstantinos Sipsas & Sotiris Makris

Authors
  1. Nikolaos Nikolakis
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  2. Konstantinos Sipsas
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  3. Sotiris Makris
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Correspondence to Sotiris Makris .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Production Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lihui Wang

  2. Department of Production Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

    Xi Vincent Wang

  3. Research Laboratory on Engineering and Management Intelligence, SZTAKI Institute for Computer Science and Control, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary

    József Váncza

  4. Research Laboratory on Engineering and Management Intelligence, SZTAKI Institute for Computer Science and Control, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary

    Zsolt Kemény

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Nikolakis, N., Sipsas, K., Makris, S. (2021). Cockpit: A Portal for Symbiotic Human–Robot Collaborative Assembly. In: Wang, L., Wang, X.V., Váncza, J., Kemény, Z. (eds) Advanced Human-Robot Collaboration in Manufacturing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69178-3_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69178-3_9

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69178-3

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