Abstract
Evaluation of public policies is not easy both technically and institutionally. There are several technical challenges for the evaluator to overcome: the correlation between a policy and its results is not always causal, and the evaluator needs to take into account factors such as reverse causality and policy interactions with many other actors. Evaluation is also difficult from an institutional point of view, because reliable evaluation is possible only through a carefully prepared procedure before public policy is put into effect. Evaluation of a public policy involves the use of a number of criteria to develop that policy and inform decision-makers. The purpose of the assessment is to compare the effectiveness of a public policy in terms of the goals set, the results achieved, and the tools used within the institutional framework.
Regulatory impact assessment is one of the most debated instruments of evaluation of public policies in Turkey. Although efforts on the widespread implementation of regulatory impact analysis in Turkey have started, it is seen that they are not realized at a satisfactory level. A variety of social and political obstacles such as administrative barriers, methodological barriers, and lack of knowledge of the required methods and techniques are encountered in the principles and practices regarding the evaluation of public policies in Turkey.
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Notes
- 1.
Reverse causality is a concept that states that there is a relationship between the two concepts, but this relationship is not in the direction that the researcher expects. The researcher thinks that A leads to B, but in reality it is B that leads to A. See Katz (1999).
- 2.
Here the concept of open society is used in the Popperian sense. See Popper (1966).
- 3.
For example, data such as the number of students per teacher, the number of beds per 1000 people, the number of patients per doctor, and the number of cases that each social worker deals with are important standards.
- 4.
“We cannot be satisfied with measuring how many times a bird flaps its wings; we must know how far the bird has flown” (Dye 2002: 64).
- 5.
This phenomenon implies the impossibility of observing the same conditions for the same individuals at the same time. See Phillips et al. (2002).
- 6.
Among the EU member states, the country that uses impact assessment the most is the United Kingdom, where it is imperative to make an impact assessment for all bills, regardless of the financial value of the estimated impact.
- 7.
In the European Commission’s 2002 Communication on Impact Assessment, it is emphasized that budgetary preliminary assessment differs from impact assessment in terms of both function and objectives. Accordingly, the preliminary assessment is primarily aimed at determining whether the proposed spending programs and activities are cost-effective for the EU budget. In contrast, impact assessment is a “policy-based” activity that focuses on examining whether major policy proposals are sustainable and follow Better Regulation Principles.
- 8.
These projects include major investments with projected remarkable environmental impact such as refineries, thermal power plants, nuclear plants, metal industry facilities, iron foundries, asbestos processing plants, chemical plants, highways, airports, and ports. See Annex-I to the Environmental Impact Assessment By-Law published on 17 July 2008 in the Official Gazette no. 26939.
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Demir, F. (2021). Policy Evaluation. In: Public Policy Making in Turkey. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68715-1_5
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