Skip to main content

Study on Feasibility of Remote Metal Detection Using Millimeter Wave Radar for Convenient and Efficient Security Check

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Green, Pervasive, and Cloud Computing (GPC 2020)

Abstract

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) has advantages of sensitivity and concealment, which enables a mature application in human body security. However, all the state-of-the-art solutions are based on a huge antenna array which is too cumbersome, i.e., it is difficult to move, repair, and also occupies a large amount of space. From views of the long term, it is uneconomical, high power consumption and narrow application. In this paper, we propose a new and more efficient detection system. We utilize a small radar chip with a custom-designed method to extract the spatial features of the detected objects, e.g., location and energy intensity. The method establishes the image of the energy intensity changing with time and analyzes the change of reflected energy of different materials on different people to find the relationship between them. From the relationship, we can infer whether there are metal products and their positions quickly on the tested person. The proposed solution is implemented on a mmWave radar. We evaluate it thoroughly and provide more extensive experiments for its practicability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Baştan, M., Yousefi, M.R., Breuel, T.M.: Visual words on baggage X-ray images. In: Real, P., Diaz-Pernil, D., Molina-Abril, H., Berciano, A., Kropatsch, W. (eds.) CAIP 2011. LNCS, vol. 6854, pp. 360–368. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23672-3_44

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Cooper, K., et al.: A high-resolution imaging radar at 580 GHz. IEEE Microwave Wirel. Compon. Lett. 18(1), 64–66 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gonzalez-Valdes, B., Alvarez, Y., Mantzavinos, S., Rappaport, C.M., Las-Heras, F., Martinez-Lorenzo, J.A.: Improving security screening: a comparison of multistatic radar configurations for human body imaging. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 58(4), 35–47 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gunaratna, R.: Global threat forecast. Counter Terrorist Trends Anal. 10(1), 1–6 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Kapilevich, B., Einat, M.: Detecting hidden objects on human body using active millimeter wave sensor. IEEE Sens. J. 10(11), 1746–1752 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kapilevich, B., Pinhasi, Y., Anisimov, M., Litvak, B., Hardon, D.: FMCW MM-wave non-imaging sensor for detecting hidden objects, pp. 101–104 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Li, S., Liu, X., Liu, W., Ma, H., Zhang, H.: A discriminative null space based deep learning approach for person re-identification, pp. 480–484 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lien, J., et al.: Soli: ubiquitous gesture sensing with millimeter wave radar. ACM Trans. Graph. (TOG) 35(4), 142 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Liu, W., Zhang, C., Ma, H., Li, S.: Learning efficient spatial-temporal gait features with deep learning for human identification. Neuroinformatics 16, 457–471 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Meng, Y., Qing, A., Lin, C., Zang, J.: Passive millimeter wave imaging system for public security check. In: 2017 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), pp. 1–2. IEEE (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Murphy, M.C., Wilds, M.R.: X-rated X-ray invades privacy rights. Crim. Justice Policy Rev. 12(4), 333–343 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nanzer, J.A.: A review of microwave wireless techniques for human presence detection and classification. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 65(5), 1780–1794 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Qian, K., Wu, C., Yang, Z., Liu, Y., Jamieson, K.: Widar: decimeter-level passive tracking via velocity monitoring with commodity Wi-Fi. In: Moharir, S., Gopalan, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing, Chennai, India, 10–14 July 2017. ACM (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3084041.3084067

  14. Qian, K., Wu, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, G., Yang, Z., Liu, Y.: Widar2.0: passive human tracking with a single Wi-Fi link, pp. 350–361 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Qian, K., Wu, C., Zhou, Z., Zheng, Y., Yang, Z., Liu, Y.: Inferring motion direction using commodity Wi-Fi for interactive exergames, pp. 1961–1972 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Sato, H., et al.: Passive millimeter-wave imaging for security and safety applications. In: Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems IV: Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense, vol. 7671, p. 76710V. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Wei, T., Zhang, X.: mTrack: high-precision passive tracking using millimeter wave radios, pp. 117–129 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wei, T., Zhou, A., Zhang, X.: Facilitating robust 60 GHz network deployment by sensing ambient reflectors, pp. 213–226 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wetter, O.E.: Imaging in airport security: past, present, future, and the link to forensic and clinical radiology. J. Forensic Radiol. Imaging 1(4), 152–160 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yang, Y., Guo, B., Wang, Z., Li, M., Yu, Z., Zhou, X.: BehaveSense: continuous authentication for security-sensitive mobile apps using behavioral biometrics. Ad Hoc Netw. 84, 9–18 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yurduseven, O.: Indirect microwave holographic imaging of concealed ordnance for airport security imaging systems. Prog. Electromagnet. Res. 146, 7–13 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Zentai, G.: X-ray imaging for homeland security. In: 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Imaging Systems and Techniques, pp. 1–6. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zhen, M., et al.: Gait recognition for co-existing multiple people using millimeter wave sensing (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Zhou, A., Yang, S., Yang, Y., Fan, Y., Ma, H.: Autonomous environment mapping using commodity millimeter-wave network device, pp. 1126–1134 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Zhuge, X., Savelyev, T., Yarovoy, A., Ligthart, L., Matuzas, J., Levitas, B.: Human body imaging by microwave UWB radar. In: 2008 European Radar Conference, pp. 148–151. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The research is supported by National Science and Technology Major Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology and project name is Research on 5G channel emulation and performance validation with 2018ZX03001031, NSFC (61772084, 61832010), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019XD-A13).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anfu Zhou .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Lu, Y., Chen, W., Liu, H., Zhou, A. (2020). Study on Feasibility of Remote Metal Detection Using Millimeter Wave Radar for Convenient and Efficient Security Check. In: Yu, Z., Becker, C., Xing, G. (eds) Green, Pervasive, and Cloud Computing. GPC 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12398. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64243-3_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64243-3_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-64242-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-64243-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics