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Photobiomodulation and Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy in COVID-19 Management

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Book cover Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1318))

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shocked the world by its spread and contagiousness. There is no approved vaccine and no proven treatment for this infection. Some potential treatments that have already been associated with antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects are under investigation. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is a photon-based therapy that uses light to mediate a variety of metabolic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Antiviral photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a branch of photodynamic therapy based on the reaction between a photosensitizing agent and a light source in the presence of oxygen, which can produce oxidative and free radical agents to damage the viral structures such as proteins and nucleic acids. This chapter aims to discuss the potential therapeutic benefit of PBMT and aPDT in the context of the novel coronavirus. Studies indicate that PBMT and aPDT could be useful in many viral and bacterial pulmonary complications like influenza, SARS-CoV, and MERS, but we found no direct study on SARS-CoV-2. With a combination of PBMT and aPDT, we may be able to combat COVID-19 with minimal interference with pharmaceutical agents. It might improve the efficacy of PBMT and aPDT by using monoclonal antibodies and preparing new photosensitizers at the nanoscale that target the lung tissue specifically. More animal and human studies would need to take place to reach an effective protocol. This chapter would encourage other scientists to work on this new platform.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Fekrazad

  2. International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Reza Fekrazad & Sepehr Fekrazad

  3. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sohrab Asefi

  4. Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Pourhajibagher

  5. Dental Implants Research Center, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Farshid Vahdatinia

  6. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sepehr Fekrazad

  7. Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Abbas Bahador

  8. Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Heidi Abrahamse & Michael R. Hamblin

  9. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael R. Hamblin

  10. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael R. Hamblin

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  4. Farshid Vahdatinia
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  5. Sepehr Fekrazad
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  8. Michael R. Hamblin
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  1. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

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Fekrazad, R. et al. (2021). Photobiomodulation and Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy in COVID-19 Management. In: Rezaei, N. (eds) Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1318. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_30

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