Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

No Jitter Please: Effects of Rotational and Positional Jitter on 3D Mid-Air Interaction

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2020, Volume 2 (FTC 2020)

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 1289))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) 3D tracking systems are susceptible to minor fluctuations in signal (jitter). In this study, we explored how different levels of jitter affect user performance for 3D pointing. We designed a Fitts’ Law experiment investigating target positional jitter and cursor rotational jitter at three different depth distances. Performance was negatively affected when up to \(\pm 0.5^{\circ }\) rotational jitter was applied to the controller and up to ±0.375 cm positional jitter was applied to the target. At 2.25 m distance, user performance did not improve with decreasing positional jitter or rotational jitter compared to the no jitter condition. Our results can inform the design of 3D user interfaces, controllers, and interaction techniques in VR. Specifically, we suggest a focus on counteracting controller rotational jitter as this would globally increase performance for ray-based selection tasks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    A representative example of a current state-of-the-art tracker is the HTC VIVE system, https://www.vive.com/us/vive-tracker.

References

  1. Ang, W.T.: Active tremor compensation in handheld instrument for microsurgery. PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (2004). AAI3126920

    Google Scholar 

  2. Argelaguet, F., Andujar, C.: A survey of 3d object selection techniques for virtual environments. Comput. Graph. 37(3), 121–136 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Machuca, M.D.B., Stuerzlinger, W.: The effect of stereo display deficiencies on virtual hand pointing. In: 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 14 p. ACM (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Batmaz, A.U., Machuca, M.D.B., Pham, D.M., Stuerzlinger, W.: Do head-mounted display stereo deficiencies affect 3D pointing tasks in AR and VR? In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR), March 2019

    Google Scholar 

  5. Batmaz, A.U., Mutasim, A., Stuerzlinger, W.: Precision vs. power grip: a comparison of pen grip styles for selection in virtual reality. In: Workshop on Novel Input Devices and Interaction Techniques (NIDIT) at IEEE VR 2020 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Batmaz, A.U., Stuerzlinger, W.: The effect of rotational jitter on 3d pointing tasks. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2019, pages LBW2112:1–LBW2112:6, New York, NY, USA. ACM (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Batmaz, A.U., Stuerzlinger, W.: Effects of 3D rotational jitter and selection methods on 3D pointing tasks. In: Workshop on Novel Input Devices and Interaction Techniques (NIDIT) at (IEEE) (VR) 2019), March 2019

    Google Scholar 

  8. Batmaz, A.U., Stuerzlinger, W.: Effect of fixed and infinite ray length on distal 3d pointing in virtual reality. In: Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery ( 2020)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bowman, D., Wingrave, C., Campbell, J., Ly, V.Q.: Using pinch gloves (tm) for both natural and abstract interaction techniques in virtual environments (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Brown, M.A., Stuerzlinger, W., de Mendonça Filho, E.J.: The performance of un-instrumented in-air pointing. In: Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2014, pp. 59–66. Canadian Information Processing Society (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Casiez, G., Roussel, N., Vogel, D.: 1 € filter: a simple speed-based low-pass filter for noisy input in interactive systems. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2012, pp. 2527–2530, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cha, Y., Myung, R.: Extended FITTS’ law for 3d pointing tasks using 3d target arrangements. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 43(4), 350–355 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Clark, L.D., Bhagat, A.B., Riggs, S.L.: Extending FITTS’ law in three-dimensional virtual environments with current low-cost virtual reality technology. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 139, 102413 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Dang, N.-T.: A survey and classification of 3d pointing techniques. In: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Research, Innovation and Vision for the Future, pp. 71–80. IEEE (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Elble, R.J., Sinha, R., Higgins, C.: Quantification of tremor with a digitizing tablet. J. Neurosci. Methods 32(3), 193–198 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Fitts, P.M.: The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J. Exp. Psychol. 47(6), 381 (1954)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gori, J., Rioul, O., Guiard, Y., Beaudouin-Lafon, M.: The perils of confounding factors: how FITTS’ law experiments can lead to false conclusions. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 196. ACM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hair, J.F.Jr, Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., et al.: Multivariate data analysis (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hefter, H., Hömberg, V., Reiners, K., Freund, H.-J.: Stability of frequency during long-term recordings of hand tremor. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 67(5), 439–446 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. ISO 9241-411:2012. Ergonomics of human-system interaction – part 411: Evaluation methods for the design of physical input devices. ISO, May 2012

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kopper, R., Bowman, D.A., Silva, M.G., McMahan, R.P.: A human motor behavior model for distal pointing tasks. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 68(10), 603–615 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. LaViola, J.J.Jr, Kruijff, E., McMahan, R.P., Bowman, D., Poupyrev, I.P.: 3D user interfaces: theory and practice. Addison-Wesley Professional (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  23. MacKenzie, I.S.: Fitts’ law as a research and design tool in human-computer interaction. Hum.-Comput. Interaction 7(1), 91–139 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. MacKenzie, I.S., Isokoski, P.: Fitts’ throughput and the speed-accuracy tradeoff. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2008, pp. 1633–1636, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  25. MacKenzie, I.S., Oniszczak, A.: A comparison of three selection techniques for touchpads. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pages 336–343. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1998

    Google Scholar 

  26. Mallery, P., George, D.: SPSS for Windows Step By Step: A Simple Guide and deference. Allyn, Bacon (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Marsaglia, G., Bray, T.A.: A convenient method for generating normal variables. SIAM Rev. 6(3), 260–264 (1964)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Murata, A., Iwase, H.: Extending FITTS’ law to a three-dimensional pointing task. Hum. Mov. Sci. 20(6), 791–805 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Niehorster, D.C., Li, L., Lappe, M.: The accuracy and precision of position and orientation tracking in the HTC vive virtual reality system for scientific research. i-Perception, 8(3), 2041669517708205 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pavlovych, A., Stuerzlinger, W.: The tradeoff between spatial jitter and latency in pointing tasks. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems, pp. 187–196. ACM (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Pham, D.-M., Stuerzlinger, W.: Is the pen mightier than the controller? a comparison of input devices for selection in virtual and augmented reality. In: 25th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, VRST 2019, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Poupyrev, I., Ichikawa, T., Weghorst, S., Billinghurst, M.: Egocentric object manipulation in virtual environments: empirical evaluation of interaction techniques. Comput. Graph. Forum 17(3), 41–52 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Stiles, R.N.: Mechanical and neural feedback factors in postural hand tremor of normal subjects. J. Neurophysiol. 44(1), 40–59 (1980). PMID: 7420138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Sun, J., Stuerzlinger, W., Riecke B.E.: Comparing input methods and cursors for 3d positioning with head-mounted displays. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM Symposium on Applied Perception, pp. 8. ACM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Teather, R.J., Pavlovych, A., Stuerzlinger, W., MacKenzie, I.S.: Effects of tracking technology, latency, and spatial jitter on object movement. In: 3D User Interfaces, 2009. 3DUI 2009. IEEE Symposium on, pp. 43–50. IEEE (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Welch, G.F.: History: The use of the kalman filter for human motion tracking in virtual reality. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 18(1), 72–91 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Anil Ufuk Batmaz, Mohammad Rajabi Seraji, Johanna Kneifel & Wolfgang Stuerzlinger

Authors
  1. Anil Ufuk Batmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Rajabi Seraji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Johanna Kneifel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wolfgang Stuerzlinger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anil Ufuk Batmaz .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan

    Kohei Arai

  2. The Science and Information (SAI) Organization, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK

    Supriya Kapoor

  3. The Science and Information (SAI) Organization, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK

    Rahul Bhatia

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Batmaz, A.U., Seraji, M.R., Kneifel, J., Stuerzlinger, W. (2021). No Jitter Please: Effects of Rotational and Positional Jitter on 3D Mid-Air Interaction. In: Arai, K., Kapoor, S., Bhatia, R. (eds) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2020, Volume 2 . FTC 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1289. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63089-8_52

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation