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Toxic and Metabolic Diseases

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Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Brain, Head and Neck, and Spine

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Abstract

CT and structural MRI of patients with toxic and metabolic disease is generally nonspecific, showing decreased attenuation and T2 hyperintensity of brain lesions, respectively. A key imaging feature of metabolic disease is symmetric involvement, with exceptions like non-ketotic hyperglycemia, MELAS, and SMART syndrome. Diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging can add to the diagnostic information and improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral edema in toxic and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, DWI is the most sensitive technique to detect early hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Apart from acquired conditions, genetic mitochondrial diseases are discussed, given the role of DWI in their diagnosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neuroradiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Aristides A. Capizzano & Toshio Moritani

  2. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Yang Mao-Draayer

  3. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Brian Chang

  4. University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Deema Fattal

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  2. Associate Professor of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Aristides A. Capizzano

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Capizzano, A.A., Moritani, T., Mao-Draayer, Y., Chang, B., Fattal, D. (2021). Toxic and Metabolic Diseases. In: Moritani, T., Capizzano, A.A. (eds) Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Brain, Head and Neck, and Spine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62120-9_15

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