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Distribution, Major Epidemiological Features and Control of Equid Gastrointestinal Parasites in Mainland Portugal

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Advances in Animal Health, Medicine and Production

Abstract

Equids harbour several highly prevalent and pathogenic gastrointestinal (GI) helminths. Since the 1990s research on the major GI equid parasites, in particular strongyles, took place at PPDL-CIISA Laboratory. The first studies in abattoirs, showed that Strongylus spp. were prevalent, but research performed in horse stud farms revealed Cyathostominae specimens to be emerging, becoming the most prevalent (100%) and abundant group of strongyles. These studies performed in Ribatejo and Alentejo revealed mares as more susceptible to strongyles, followed by younger horses, with 2–3 Eggs per Gram (EPG) peaks throughout the year. Other parasites with lower prevalence included Parascaris spp., Anoplocephalidae and Oxyuris equi.

In Portugal, parasite control programmes rely mostly on macrocyclic lactones, but drug characteristics, parasite epidemiology, season or animals’ age/husbandry are not considered at the time of deworming. Recently, the survey ‘Single Test Of Parasitic Eggs’ (STOP) aimed the study of prevalence of equine GI helminths in Portugal, whilst assessing the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) dewormings. Cyathostomum s.l. showed prevalence and abundance greater than 90% and the efficacy of IVM was 100% in horses and donkeys, although 55% of these animals were still dewormed when presenting a negative EPG. Adequate monitoring, including egg counts before and after deworming is paramount to keep parasite control programs effective.

A. S. Lopes and B. Melo-Franco—Contributed equally for this work.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the institutions and people that made possible all the body of research performed so far in the field of horse parasites and their control at the FMV-ULisboa.

First, we thank all the PhD and Master students who have been involved with this kind of research at the Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, since most provided data that update our local or regional knowledge in the field of horse parasites. And to our laboratory technician, Dr. Lídia Gomes, we thank her collaboration in most field and laboratory work performed by our team, being essential in many trainings and final results regarding this expertise.

Secondly, we thank all the horse owners, horse stud farms and particularly Companhia das Lezírias, S.A., for letting us work and perform our studies with their animals, stables and paddocks, allowing a better knowledge of the parasitological status of both the hosts and their environments.

Finally, we are deeply obliged for all the funding from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) through our research centre, the CIISA-FMV-ULisboa, namely the last project UIDP/CVT/00276/2020. We also acknowledge Boehringer Ingelheim and Dr. Jorge Canoa, for funding Project STOP during 2012–2017, allowing a better knowledge of the horse parasite control in Portugal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Parasitology and Parasitological Diseases Laboratory (PPDL), Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV-ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal

    A. S. Lopes, B. Melo-Franco, S. Sousa, B. São-Braz & L. Madeira-de-Carvalho

  2. Clínica Veterinária de Lourel, R. Barbosa du Bocage, 1-A, 2710-358, Sintra, Portugal

    A. S. Lopes

  3. Tom Walters Equine Vets, Somerford, Cheshire, UK

    B. Melo-Franco

  4. Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Epidemiology Unit, CIISA, FMV-ULisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    T. Nunes

  5. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola Universitária Vasco Da Gama, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197 Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal

    S. Sousa

  6. Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi Group, Av. de Pádua, nº 11, 1800-294, Lisbon, Portugal

    P. Fabrica

  7. Clinical Research Laboratory (CRL), CIISA, FMV-ULisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    B. São-Braz

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  1. A. S. Lopes
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  7. L. Madeira-de-Carvalho
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Correspondence to L. Madeira-de-Carvalho .

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  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Antonio Freitas Duarte

  2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Luís Lopes da Costa

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Lopes, A.S. et al. (2020). Distribution, Major Epidemiological Features and Control of Equid Gastrointestinal Parasites in Mainland Portugal. In: Freitas Duarte, A., Lopes da Costa, L. (eds) Advances in Animal Health, Medicine and Production . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61981-7_19

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