Skip to main content

Halftones

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Principles of Image Printing Technology
  • 310 Accesses

Abstract

A continuous tone (CT) original picture such as a photograph, watercolor, or oil painting is used in the production process by dividing into discrete spatial portions to produce a copy on a print or monitor. The tone value stays constant over these spatial image areas and if it somehow changes, there is no relation to tone variation within the corresponding sample of original.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Due to this reason the term “photographic” quality is sometimes used to accentuate the diluted dot structure of, for example, some ink jet prints.

  2. 2.

    Ink transfer dependence of substrate surface properties is mostly concerned in research and handbooks in relation to the solid ink layer as if to “painting” the paper by some rubber roll without, to the pity, taking into account the specific of halftoning and its effective density range.

  3. 3.

    ISO Technical Committee 130 “Graphic Technology” doesn’t formulate the criteria or methods for halftone printing optimization. Values recommended by ISO 12,647 are empirical, taken from the industry practice for some reference substrates and processes.

References

  1. Gryazin GN (1965) Ob electronnom rastrirovanii polutonovyh izobrageni. (On electronic screening of continuous tone images). (Technika kino i televidenya, No. 2)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hallows R, Jr Klensch (1968) Electronic halftones. In: IEEE spectrum

    Google Scholar 

  3. Schlepfer K (1993) Frequency-modulated screening in offset. Interprint, pp 18–25

    Google Scholar 

  4. Yu Q et al (1999) A new metric for color halftone visibility. In: Recent progress in digital halftoning 2, IS&T, pp 72–76

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang X et al (1997) Color image quality metric S-CIE LAB and its application on halftone structure visibility. In: IEEE Computation Conference

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sheberstov VI (1936) Kolichestvenye sootnoshenya pozitiva i negativa, dlya normalnogo vosproizvedenya originala v avtotipnom processe. (Quantitative ratios of positive and negative for normal reproduction of the original in autotype process). (Trudy NIIP OGIZ, Moscow, Vol. 3.46)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Murray A (1936) Monochrome reproduction in photoengraving. J Franklin Inst 221:721–744

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yule IA, Nielsen WI (1951) The penetration of light into paper and its effect on halftone reproduction. In: TAGA proceedings, pp 65–76

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gustavson S, Kruze B (1996) Evaluation of a light diffusion for dot gain. In: TAGA proceedings

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gustavson S et al (1995) 3D modelling of light diffusion in paper. In: First Joint TAGA / IARIGAI conference proceedings

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ide O (2002) Colorimetric dot gain analysis using Yule-Nielsen n. J Imaging Sci Technol 46(2):136–141

    Google Scholar 

  12. Emmel P, Physical models for color prediction, Ch. 3 in Digital color imaging handbook, ed. G. Sharma, CRC Press

    Google Scholar 

  13. Azuma Y et al (2003) A three component model based on linear color addition in halftones. J Imaging Sci Technol 47(1):60–68

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bhattacharya A et al (2014) Modeling optically induced halftone mottle from the variability of lateral light scattering by the unprinted paper surface. JPMTR 3:155–161

    Google Scholar 

  15. Masayuki K, Masaya I (2009) Investigation into the cause of print mottle in halftone dots of coated paper: effect of optical dot gain non-uniformity. Jpn TAPPI J 63(11):1362–1373

    Google Scholar 

  16. Yu Q et al (2012) Research on parameters and printing reproduction characteristics of Concentric Screening. Appl Mech Mater 262:334–339

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kipphan H (ed) (2001) Handbook of Print Media. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  18. Raskin AN et al (1989) Tekhnologya pechatnyuh processov. (Technology of printing processes). (Kniga, Moscow)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kouznetsov JV, Alexandrov DM (1997) Screening technique modification and its effect on halftone print quality. In: Proc. of IS&T's NIP13: international conference on digital printing technologies, pp 650–654

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kouznetsov YV (1999) Does some philosophy still exist for the halftone frequency selection? Proc. of IS&T NIP15: Int. Conf. on Digital Printing Technologies, Orlando, pp 362–365

    Google Scholar 

  21. Kuznetsov YV (2009) Kriterii optimizacii tonovoy pechati: smysl i proishojdenie “standartnyh” znacheny. (Criteria for optimization of tone printing: meaning and origin of “standard” values). (Poligraphya №3, pp 56–58)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuri V. Kuznetsov .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kuznetsov, Y.V. (2021). Halftones. In: Principles of Image Printing Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60955-9_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60955-9_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60954-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60955-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics