Abstract
The majority of vaccine mandates exist to ensure that the population attending public schools or working at healthcare facilities are immune to vaccine-preventable diseases which could spread rapidly through these settings. In the United States, vaccine mandates are developed at the state level. Specific public health laws vary from state to state, including the specific criteria that must be met for exemptions to be granted. States with more lenient exemption criteria generally have higher exemption rates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
CDC Vaccines and immunizations glossary. cdc.gov/vaccines/terms/glossary.html#commimmunity. Accessed 13 Apr 2020.
CDC. State vaccination requirements. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/laws/index.html. Accessed 25 Mar 2020.
US Reports: Jacobson v Massachusetts, 197 US 11 (1905).
US Reports: Zucht v King, 260 US 174 (1922).
Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Committee on Infectious Diseases, Committee on State Government Affairs, Council on School Health, Section on Administration and Practice Management. Medical versus nonmedical immunization exemptions for child care and school attendance. Pediatrics. 2016;138:e20162145.
Centers for Disease Control. Vaccination coverage for selected vaccines and exemption rates among children in kindergarten – United States, 2018-19 school year. MMWR. 2019;68:905–12.
States with religious and philosophical exemptions from school immunization requirements. https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx#Table%201. Accessed 14 Apr 2020.
Bednarczyk RA, King AR, Lahijani A, Omer SB. Current landscape of nonmedical vaccination exemptions in the United States: impact of policy changes. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019;18:175–90.
Brennan JM, Bednarczyk RA, Richards JL, Allen KE, Warraich GJ, Omer SB. Trends in personal belief exemption rates among alternative private schools: Waldorf, Montessori, and Holistic kindergartens in California, 2000-2014. Am J Public Health. 2017;107:108–12.
Felkin DR, Lezotte DC, Hamman RF, Salmon DA, Chen RT, Hoffman RE. Individual and community risks of measles and pertussis associated with personal exemptions to immunization. JAMA. 2000;284:3145–50.
Aloe C, Kulldorff M, Bloom BR. Geospatial of nonmedical exemptions and pertussis outbreaks in the United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017;114:7101–5.
Phadke VK, Bednarczyk RA, Salmon DA, Omer SB. Association between vaccine refusal and vaccine-preventable diseases in the United States: a review of measles and pertussis. JAMA. 2016;315:1149–58.
Delamater PL, Pingali SC, Buttenheim AM, Salmon DA, Klein NP, Omer SB. Elimination of nonmedical immunization exemptions in California and school-entry vaccine status. Pediatrics. 2019;143:e20183301. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018.3301.
CDC. Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR. 2011;60:1–45.
Lindley MC, Mu Y, Hoss A, Pepin D, Kalayil E, van Santen KL, Edwards JR, Pollock DA. Association of state laws with influenza vaccination of hospital personnel. Am J Prev Med. 2019;56:e177–83.
Black CL, Yue X, Ball SW, Fink RV, dePerio MA, Laney AS, Williams WW, Graitcer SB, Fiebelkorn AP, Lu PJ, Devlin R. Influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare personnel – United States, 2017-18 influenza season. MMWR. 2018;67:1050–4.
Yue X, Black C, Ball S, Donahue S, de Perio MA, Laney AS, Greby S. Workplace interventions associated with influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare personnel in ambulatory care settings during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 influenza seasons. Am J Infect Control. 2017;45:1243–8.
Lytras T, Kopsachilis F, Mouratidou E, Papamichail D, Bonovas S. Interventions to increase seasonal influenza vaccine coverage in healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;12:671–81.
Graitcer SB, Kim D, Lindley M. Comprehensive efforts to increase healthcare personnel immunization. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10:2625–6.
Pitts SI, Maruthur NM, Millar KR, Perl TM, Segal J. A systematic review of mandatory influenza vaccination in healthcare personnel. Am J Prev Med. 2014;47:330–40.
Healthcare workers need a flu vaccine. Cdc.gov/flu/professionals/healthcareworkers.htm. Accessed 17 Apr 2020.
Yang YT, Silverman RD. Mandatory influenza vaccination and religious accommodation for healthcare workers: lessons from recent legal challenges. Vaccine. 2018;36:3998–4000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Suryadevara, M. (2021). Vaccine Mandates. In: Domachowske, J., Suryadevara, M. (eds) Vaccines. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58414-6_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58414-6_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58413-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58414-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)