Abstract
One of the first differences among microcrystalline, ultrafine, and nanocrystalline metals and alloys is the progressive time-dependent deformation, or creep, at room temperature. The effect of grain boundary volume on the creep mechanisms such as diffusion creep is described. The different mechanisms acting during creep as reducing the grain size through UFG to NC regimes and the related models are shown in this chapter. The diffusion-governed grain boundary sliding during creep deformation in nanostructured materials is discussed. The creep life in UFG materials is described and the effect of dislocations due to SPD affecting grain boundary sliding is underlined. The varying fraction of HAGBs and LAGBs in SPDed metals and the effect on creep resistance are discussed. The different behavior due to the various mechanisms acting during creep in nanocrystalline metals and alloys has been described. At the end of the chapter, the creep behavior of nanocrystalline thin films is shown.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Blum W, Li YJ (2007) Flow stress and creep rate of nanocrystalline Ni. Scripta Mater 57:429–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.04.041
Cai B, Kong QP, Lu L, Lu K (2000) Low temperature creep of nanocrystalline pure copper. Mater Sci Eng A 286:188–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00633-X
Cao ZH, Wang L, Hu K, Huang YL, Meng XK (2012) Microstructural evolution and its influence on creep and stress relaxation in nanocrystalline Ni. Acta Mater 60:6742–6754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.08.047
Caturla MJ, Nieh TG (2006) Modeling the effect of texture on the deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline materials at the atomistic scale. In: Chuang TJ, Anderson PM, Wu MK, Hsieh S (eds) Nanomechanics of materials and structures. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3951-4_28
Choi I-C, Jang J-I (2020) A survey of nanoindentation studies on HPT-processed materials. Adv Eng Mater 22:1900648. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201900648
Chokshi AH (2009) Unusual stress and grain size dependence for creep in nanocrystalline materials. Scripta Mater 61:96–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.03.009
Darling KA, Rajagopalan M, Komarasamy M, Bhatia MA, Hornbuckle BC, Mishra RS, Solanki KN (2016) Extreme creep resistance in a microstructurally stable nanocrystalline alloy. Nature 537:378–381. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19313
Diffusion in nanocrystalline materials. In: Diffusion in solids. Springer series in solid-state sciences, vol. 155. Springer, Berlin; 2007. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71488-0_34
Dvorak J, Sklenicka V, Kral P, Svoboda M, Saxl I (2010) Characterization of creep behavior and microstructure changes in pure copper processed by equal-channel angular pressing. Rev Adv Mater Sci 25:225–232
Estrin Y, Gottstein G, Shvindlerman LS (2004) Diffusion controlled creep in nanocrystalline materials under grain growth. Scripta Mater 50:993–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.01.002
François D, Pineau A, Zaoui A (2012) Viscoelasticity. In: Mechanical behaviour of materials, Solid mechanics and its applications, vol 180. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2546-1_5
Ghazi N, Kysar JW (2016) Experimental investigation of plastic strain recovery and creep in nanocrystalline copper thin films. Exp Mech 56:1351–1362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-016-0169-7
Gollapudi S, Rajulapati KV, Charit I et al (2010a) Understanding creep in nanocrystalline materials. Trans Indian Inst Metals 63:373–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-010-0050-9
Gollapudi S, Rajulapati KV, Charit I, Koch CC, Scattergood RO, Murty KL (2010b) Creep in nanocrystalline materials: role of stress assisted grain growth. Mater Sci Eng A 527:5773–5781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.05.048
Hu L, Huo R, Zhou J et al (2012) The effects of the finest grains on the mechanical behaviours of nanocrystalline materials. J Nanopart Res 14:677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-011-0677-4
Hu J, Sun G, Zhang X, Wang G, Jiang Z, Han S, Zhang J, Lian J (2015) Effects of loading strain rate and stacking fault energy on nanoindentation creep behaviors of nanocrystalline Cu, Ni-20 wt.%Fe and Ni. J Alloys Compd 647:670–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.094
Karanjgaokar N, Chasiotis I (2016) Creep behavior of nanocrystalline Au films as a function of temperature. J Mater Sci 51:3701–3714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9687-4
Kawasaki M, Langdon TG (2007) Principles of superplasticity in ultrafine-grained materials. J Mater Sci 42:1782–1796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0954-2
Kawasaki M, Langdon TG (2017) Applying conventional creep mechanisms to ultrafine-grained materials. In: Charit I, Zhu Y, Maloy S, Liaw P (eds) Mechanical and creep behavior of advanced materials, The minerals, metals & materials series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51097-2_10
Kawasaki M, Sklenicka V, Langdon TG (2011) Creep behavior of metals processed by equal-channel angular pressing. Kovove Mater 49:75–83. https://doi.org/10.4149/km.2011.1.75
Keblinski P, Wolf D, Gleiter H (1998) Molecular-dynamics simulation of grain-boundary diffusion creep. Interface Sci 6:205–212. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008664218857
Kolobov Y, Grabovetskaya G, Ivanov K et al (2002) Grain boundary diffusion and mechanisms of creep of nanostructured metals. Interface Sci 10:31–36. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015128928158
Kolobov YR, Ratochka IV, Ivanov KV et al (2004) Characteristic features of diffusion-controlled processes in ordinary and ultrafine-grained polycrystalline metals. Russ Phys J 47:840–856. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-005-0004-6
Kolobov YR, Lipnitskii AG, Nelasov IV et al (2008) Investigations and computer simulations of the intergrain diffusion in submicro- and nanocrystalline metals. Russ Phys J 51:385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-008-9062-x
Korla R, Chokshi AHA (2014) Constitutive equation for grain boundary sliding: an experimental approach. Metal Mater Trans A 45:698–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2017-z
Kral P, Dvorak J, Sklenicka V, Masuda T, Horita Z, Kucharova K, Kvapilova M, Svobodova M (2018) The effect of ultrafine-grained microstructure on creep behaviour of 9% Cr steel. Materials 11:787. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11050787
Langdon TG (2006) Grain boundary sliding revisited: developments in sliding over four decades. J Mater Sci 41:597–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-6476-0
Liu Y, Huang C, Bei H, Hu W (2012) Room temperature nanoindentation creep of nanocrystalline Cu and Cu alloys. Mater Lett 70:26–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.11.119
Mathaudhu SN, Boyce BL (2015) Thermal stability: the next frontier for nanocrystalline materials. JOM 67:2785–2787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1708-x
Meyers MA, Mishra A, Benson DJ (2004) Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials. Prog Mater Sci 51:427–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.08.003
Millett PC, Deasai T, Yamakov V, Wolf D (2008) Atomistic simulations of diffusional creep in a nanocrystalline body-centered cubic material. Acta Mater 56:3688–3698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.04.004
Mishra RS, McFadden SX, Valiev RZ et al (1999) Deformation mechanisms and tensile superplasticity in nanocrystalline materials. JOM 51:37–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-999-0010-1
Mohamed FA (2007) Interpretation of nanoscale softening in terms of dislocation-accommodated boundary sliding. Metal Mater Trans A 38:340–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-9057-6
Mohamed FA, Li Y (2001) Creep and superplasticity in nanocrystalline materials: current understanding and future prospects. Mater Sci Eng A 298:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4931(00)00190-9
Murty KL (2017) Creep, deformation and fracture studies of materials for various technologies in the Nuclear Materials Research Group at NC state. In: Charit I, Zhu Y, Maloy S, Liaw P (eds) Mechanical and creep behavior of advanced materials, The minerals, metals & materials series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51097-2_1
Nie K, Wu W, Zhang X et al (2017) Molecular dynamics study on the grain size, temperature, and stress dependence of creep behavior in nanocrystalline nickel. J Mater Sci 52:2180–2191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0506-3
Orozco-Caballero A, Menon SK, Cepeda-Jimenez CM, Hidalgo-Manrique P, McNelley TR, Ruano OA, Carreno F (2014) Influence of microstructural stability on the creep mechanism of Al–7 wt% Si alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing. Mater Sci Eng A 612:162–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.06.017
Pal S, Meraj M (2019) Investigation of reorganization of a nanocrystalline grain boundary network during biaxial creep deformation of nanocrystalline Ni using molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 25:282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-019-4177-2
Panin VE, Panin, AV, Pochivalov YI (2017) et al. Scale invariance of structural transformations in plastically deformed nanostructured solids. Phys Mesomech 20:55–68. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1029959917010052
Park K, Lee CS, Shin DH et al (2006) Reappraisal of grain boundary diffusion creep equations for nanocrystalline materials. Met Mater Int 12:107–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03027465
Saxl I, Sklenička V, Ilucová L, Svoboda M, Dvořák J, Král P (2009) The link between microstructure and creep in aluminum processed by equal-channel angular pressing. Mater Sci Eng A 503:82–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.03.056
Sergueeva AV, Mara NA, Valiev RZ, Mukherjee AK (2006) Elevated temperature deformation characteristics of nanocrystalline materials. In: Zhu YT, Varyukhin V (eds) Nanostructured materials by high-pressure severe plastic deformation, NATO science series (II: Mathematics, physics and chemistry), vol 212. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3923-9_39
Singh PS, Ling Z, Pharr GM, de Boer MP (2020) Creep of a thermally stable nanocrystalline nickel tungsten alloy as measured by high temperature nanoindentation. Mater Sci Eng A 784:139309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139309
Sklenicka V, Dvorak J, Kral P, Stonawska Z, Svoboda M (2005) Creep processes in pure aluminium processed by equal-channel angular pressing. Mater Sci Eng A 410-411:408–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.099
Sklenicka V, Dvorak J, Kral P, Svoboda M, Kvapilova M, Langdon TG (2012) Factors influencing creep flow and ductility in ultrafine-grained metals. Mater Sci Eng A 558:403–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.08.019
Sklenicka V, Kucharova K, Kvapilova M et al (2013) Creep in an electrodeposited nickel. J Mater Sci 48:4780–4788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-013-7209-9
Tjong SC, Chen H (2004) Nanocrystalline materials and coatings. Mater Sci Eng R45:1–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2004.07.001
Van Petegem S, Brandstetter S, Schmitt B, Van Swygenhoven H (2009) Creep in nanocrystalline Ni during X-ray diffraction. Scripta Mater 60:297–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.10.034
Voyiadjis GZ, Deliktas B (2010) Modeling of strengthening and softening in inelastic nanocrystalline materials with reference to the triple junction and grain boundaries using strain gradient plasticity. Acta Mech 213:3–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-010-0338-1
Wang CL, Lai YH, Huang JC, Nieh TG (2010) Creep of nanocrystalline nickel: a direct comparison between uniaxial and nanoindentation creep. Scripta Mater 62:175–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.10.021
Wang YJ, Ishii A, Ogata S (2013) Entropic effect on creep in nanocrystalline metals. Acta Mater 61:3866–3871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.026
Yamakov V, Wolf D, Phillpot SR, Gleiyìter H (2002) Grain-boundary diffusion creep in nanocrystalline palladium by molecular-dynamics simulation. Acta Mater 50:61–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00329-9
Yang W, Ma XL, Wang HT, Hong W (2006) Deformation and diffusion in nano-grained metals. In: Sun QP, Tong P (eds) IUTAM symposium on size effects on material and structural behavior at micron- and nano-scales. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4946-0_8
Yang X-S, Zhai H-R, Ruan H-H, Shi S-Q, Zhang T-Y (2018) Multi-temperature indentation creep tests on nanotwinned copper. Int J Plasticity 104:68–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2018.01.016
Yin W, Whang SH (2005) The creep and fracture in nanostructured metals and alloys. JOM 57:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-005-0066-5
Yin WM, Whang SH, Mirshams R, Xiao CH (2001) Creep behavior of nanocrystalline nickel at 290 and 373 K. Mater Sci Eng A 301:18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01385-X
Zhang K, Weertman JR, Eastman JA (2004) The influence of time, temperature, and grain size on indentation creep in high-purity nanocrystalline and ultrafine grain copper. Appl Phys Lett 85:5197. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1828213
Zhang S, Wang Y, Jiang H et al (2013) Constitutive model for plastic deformation of nanocrystalline materials with shear band. Meccanica 48:175–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-012-9592-8
Zhang W, Gao Y, Nieh TG (2019) Competing grain boundary and interior deformation mechanisms with varying sizes. In: Hsueh CH et al (eds) Handbook of mechanics of materials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6884-3_75
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cavaliere, P. (2021). Creep in Nanostructured Materials. In: Fatigue and Fracture of Nanostructured Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58088-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58088-9_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-58087-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-58088-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)