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Obesity: An Addiction? Imaging of Neurotransmitter Systems in Obesity

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PET and SPECT in Psychiatry

Abstract

The brain is important in the regulation of eating behavior and satiety signaling. There is also evidence that many neurotransmitters are involved in food intake regulation and eating behavior; consequently dysregulated neurotransmitter systems may be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. This chapter presents an overview of results of neurotransmitter imaging studies in obese humans.

Presently, the dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, opioid and cannabinoid systems have been studied with molecular imaging techniques in obese humans. The major findings are increased serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 5-HT2A receptor availability in cortical regions, a complex relationship between dopamine D2/3 receptor (DRD2/3) availability and body mass index (BMI), probably an important role of the striatal and extra-striatal mu opioid receptor, and a possible role of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor. There is no disturbance in serotonin transporter (SERT) availability in the thalamus and midbrain or in striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability. The effects of bariatric surgery on neurotransmission and findings in subgroups such as patients with binge eating disorder or insulin resistance are also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Silja McIlwrick & Jan Booij

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Dick Veltman & Wim van den Brink

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  1. Elsmarieke van de Giessen
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  2. Silja McIlwrick
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  3. Dick Veltman
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  4. Wim van den Brink
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  5. Jan Booij
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Computer Science, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Iris E. Sommer

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van de Giessen, E., McIlwrick, S., Veltman, D., van den Brink, W., Booij, J. (2021). Obesity: An Addiction? Imaging of Neurotransmitter Systems in Obesity. In: Dierckx, R.A., Otte, A., de Vries, E.F.J., van Waarde, A., Sommer, I.E. (eds) PET and SPECT in Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_26

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