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Pediatric Ultrasound

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Abstract

Ultrasound imaging of the chest tends to be underused in the clinical setting where cross-sectional imaging is generally favored, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, ultrasound is useful in the evaluation of congenital and acquired lung disorders, especially in the pediatric population. These benefits include real-time assessment, portability (including bedside evaluation for critically ill patients, shorter examination times (compared to MR imaging), lack of ionizing radiation (compared to conventional radiography and CT), and the ability to perform studies without sedation. Ultrasound is also increasingly used to guide interventional procedures. This chapter reviews up-to-date ultrasound imaging techniques, normal development and anatomy, and ultrasound imaging findings of commonly encountered lung abnormalities in infants and children.

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Abbreviations

B:

Brightness

CEUS:

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound

CCAM:

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

chILD:

childhood interstitial lung disease

CLH:

Congenital lobar hyperinflation

CPAM:

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation

CT:

Computed tomography

DLD:

Diffuse lung disease

ILD:

Interstitial lung disease

M:

Motion

MR:

Magnetic resonance

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

PL:

Pulmonary lymphangiectasia

PPB:

Pleuropulmonary blastoma

PRMS:

Pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma

RDS:

Respiratory distress syndrome

RMS:

Rhabdomyosarcoma

SDD:

Surfactant deficiency disease

TTN:

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Eric S. Bih

  2. Department of Radiology, Nemours Children’s Hospital, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA

    Monica Epelman

  3. Department of Interventional Radiology and Body Imaging, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, USA

    Ricardo Restrepo

  4. Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward Y. Lee

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  1. Eric S. Bih
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  2. Monica Epelman
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  4. Edward Y. Lee
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Correspondence to Eric S. Bih .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Harriet J. Paltiel

  2. Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward Y. Lee

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Bih, E.S., Epelman, M., Restrepo, R., Lee, E.Y. (2021). Lung. In: Paltiel, H.J., Lee, E.Y. (eds) Pediatric Ultrasound. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56802-3_5

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