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Iron-rich High Entropy Alloys

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High-Performance Ferrous Alloys

Abstract

The design of iron-rich high-entropy alloys is discussed. Both substitutional and interstitial alloying elements are considered. The study of iron-rich high-entropy alloys by computational simulations based on alloy theory such as thermodynamic modeling and density functional based studies of alloy energetics and alloy excitations as well as the wide range of experimental techniques for synthesis, processing, and characterization of high-entropy alloys are reviewed. It is shown that by optimizing the alloy composition, while maintaining a high iron content, it is possible to utilize mechanisms that are highly effective in advanced steels, such as transformation- and twinning-induced plasticity and grain refining, to achieve superior mechanical properties. An outlook for further iron-rich alloy development concludes the chapter.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AIMD:

Ab initio molecular dynamics

APT:

Atom probe tomography

BCC:

Body-centered cubic

CALPHAD:

Calculation of phase diagrams

CE:

Cluster expansion

CPA:

Coherent potential approximation

DFT:

Density functional theory

DP:

Dual phase

EBSD:

Electron back scatter diffraction

ECC:

Electron channeling contrast

EDS:

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

EMTO:

Exact muffin-tin orbital method

EPMA:

Electron probe microanalysis

FCC:

Face-centered cubic

FIB:

Focused ion beam

HCP:

Hexagonal-close packed

HEA:

High-entropy alloy

iHEA:

Interstitial high-entropy alloy

KKR:

Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker

LAM:

Laser additive manufacturing

LMD:

Laser metal deposition

RAP:

Rapid alloy prototyping

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SLM:

Selective laser melting

SPR:

Spin-polarized relativistic

SQS:

Special quasi-random structures

TCFE-9:

Thermo-Calc iron database, version 9

TCHEA1:

Thermo-Calc high-entropy alloy database version 1

TCHEA2:

Thermo-Calc high-entropy alloy database version 2

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TRIP:

Transformation-induced plasticity

TRIP-DP :

Transformation-induced plasticity-assisted dual-phase

TWIP:

Twinning-induced plasticity

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgments

One of the authors (MHFS) wishes to acknowledge helpful discussions with Prof. V. Soare of INMR (Romania), Prof. B. Podgornik of IMT (Slovenia), and dr. T.P.C. Klaver of TU Delft (Netherlands). This research received funding through the ERA-NET integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) program under project 4316 “HEAMODELL” as financed by NWO “domein Exacte en Natuurwetenschappen”, project number 732.017.107. Fundings from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SPP 2006) and from NWO/STW (VIDI grant 15707) are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department Computational Materials Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Fritz Körmann

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

    Zhiming Li

  3. Department Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Dierk Raabe

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, ZuidHolland, The Netherlands

    Marcel H. F. Sluiter

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  1. Fritz Körmann
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  2. Zhiming Li
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  4. Marcel H. F. Sluiter
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Correspondence to Marcel H. F. Sluiter .

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  1. Tata Steel, IJmuiden, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands

    Radhakanta Rana

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Körmann, F., Li, Z., Raabe, D., Sluiter, M.H.F. (2021). Iron-rich High Entropy Alloys. In: Rana, R. (eds) High-Performance Ferrous Alloys. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53825-5_9

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