Abstract
The fossil record of crustaceans as hosts of parasites has yielded three confirmed associations: swellings on Jurassic–Pleistocene decapods attributed to epicaridean isopods, feminization of Cretaceous and Miocene crabs possibly caused by rhizocephalan barnacles, and presumed pentastomids on/in Silurian ostracods. Cestode platyhelminth hooks and swellings by entoniscid isopods have yet to be recognized. Relative to 2014, we report a 45% increase to 128 fossil decapod species with swellings (ichnotaxon Kanthyloma crusta) in the branchial chamber attributed to epicarideans. Furthermore, using a Late Jurassic decapod assemblage from Austria, we find (1) no correlation between genus abundance and prevalence of K. crusta, (2) host preference for some galatheoids (as for a mid-Cretaceous assemblage from Spain), and (3) a larger median size of parasitized versus non-parasitized specimens for two abundant species. The latter result may be caused by infestation throughout ontogeny rather than exclusively in juveniles and/or possible selection for larger individuals.
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Acknowledgments
AAK is grateful to Kenneth De Baets (Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany) and John Warren Huntley (University of Missouri, USA) for the invitation to work on this chapter. AAK and CMR thank Thomas Nichterl and Andrea Krapf (both Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria) for help with handling loans, and Andreas Kroh (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) for facilitating a productive research stay in Vienna in 2017 and permission to reuse Fig. 16.12 in Robins et al. (2013). We thank Elsevier and John Wiley and Sons for permission to use/modify Fig. 5.1 and parts of Fig. 5.2, respectively. René Fraaije (Oertijdmuseum, The Netherlands) and Bernardetta Pallozzi (D. Dal Lago Museum, Valdagno, Italy) made the fossil decapod collections available for study. Michał Krobicki (Polish Geological Institute—National Research Institute, Poland), Christopher Boyko (American Museum of Natural History and Hofstra University, USA), and Markus Bertling (Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Germany) provided useful comments. Sten Jakobsen (Geomuseum Faxe, Denmark) made the first author aware of a swelling in a Barremian lobster from Spain. The input by two reviewers (Kenneth De Baets and an anonymous reviewer) is highly appreciated and has helped to improve this chapter, as well as comments by others. This research was supported by a Paleontological Society Arthur J. Boucot research grant to AAK and, in part, by a Palaeontological Association research grant (PA-RG201401) to AAK.
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Appendices
Appendix 1 Genus and family level infestation percentages for decapods from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of Ernstbrunn, Austria
Family | Genus | Specimens | Infested | Percentage | Brachyura or Anomura |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Munidopsidae | Cracensigillatus | 231 | 20 | 8.7 | A |
Munidopsidae | Gastrosacus | 83 | 5 | 6.0 | A |
Catillogalatheidae | Galatheites | 48 | 3 | 6.3 | A |
Paragalatheidae | Discutiolira | 40 | 16 | 40.0 | A |
Munidopsidae | Bullariscus | 37 | 3 | 8.1 | A |
Munidopsidae | Ambulocapsa | 33 | 5 | 15.2 | A |
Munidopsidae | Culmenformosa | 24 | 2 | 8.3 | A |
Gastrodoridae | Gastrodorus | 19 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Paragalatheidae | Mesogalathea | 15 | 1 | 6.7 | A |
Paragalatheidae | Tuberosagalathea | 10 | 1 | 10.0 | A |
Munidopsidae | Ankylokypha | 6 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Munidopsidae | Aulavescus | 2 | 1 | 50.0 | A |
Catillogalatheidae | Hispanigalathea | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Munididae | Juracrista | 4 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Paragalatheidae | Lemacola | 8 | 1 | 12.5 | A |
Munidopsidae | Octoeurax | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Paragalatheidae | Paragalathea | 9 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Munidopsidae | Pegomyrmekella | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Catillogalatheidae | Vasconilia | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Munidopsidae | Vetoplautus | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Goniodromitidae | Goniodromites | 359 | 14 | 3.9 | B |
Goniodromitidae | Pithonoton | 356 | 15 | 4.2 | B |
Longodromitidae | Longodromites | 162 | 1 | 0.6 | B |
Goniodromitidae | Cycloprosopon | 137 | 14 | 10.2 | B |
Dynomenidae | Cyclothyreus | 114 | 10 | 8.8 | B |
Goniodromitidae | Eodromites | 44 | 6 | 13.6 | B |
Goniodromitidae | Distefania | 43 | 1 | 2.3 | B |
Jurellanidae | Ovalopus | 40 | 2 | 5.0 | B |
Longodromitidae | Planoprosopon | 33 | 1 | 3.0 | B |
Konidromitidae | Konidromites | 32 | 1 | 3.1 | B |
Prosopidae | Prosopon | 25 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Lecythocaridae | Lecythocaris | 20 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Longodromitidae | Abyssophthalmus | 18 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Glaessneropsidae | Glaessneropsis | 16 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Nodoprosopidae | Nodoprosopon | 16 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Tanidromitidae | Tanidromites | 11 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Bucculentidae | Bucculentum | 6 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Homolidae | Doerflesia | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Tanidromitidae | Gabriella | 3 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Prosopidae | Laeviprosopon | 8 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Glaessneropsidae | Verrucarcinus | 4 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Jurellanidae | Jurellana | 2 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Family | Specimens | Infested | Percentage | Brachyura or Anomura |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Goniodromitidae | 981 | 62 | 6.3 | B |
Munidopsidae | 441 | 46 | 10.4 | A |
Longodromitidae | 214 | 2 | 0.9 | B |
Dynomenidae | 114 | 10 | 8.8 | B |
Paragalatheidae | 82 | 19 | 23.2 | A |
Catillogalatheidae | 51 | 4 | 7.8 | A |
Jurellanidae | 42 | 2 | 4.8 | B |
Prosopidae | 33 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Konidromitidae | 32 | 1 | 3.1 | B |
Glaessneropsidae | 20 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Lecythocaridae | 20 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Gastrodoridae | 19 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Nodoprosopidae | 16 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Tanidromitidae | 14 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Bucculentidae | 6 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Munididae | 4 | 0 | 0.0 | A |
Homolidae | 1 | 0 | 0.0 | B |
Appendix 2 Sizes of infested and non-infested carapaces for two decapod species from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) of Ernstbrunn, Austria
NHMW # | Taxon [Cracensigillatus acutirostris (C) or Goniodromites bidentatus (G)] | Length (mm) anterior part epigastric-posterior margin | Maximum width (mm) [without extra width due to Kanthyloma, if applicable] | Geometric mean l and w | Left (L) or right (R) if infested (Kanthyloma) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990/0041/0197 | C | 2.66 | 1.85 | 2.22 | |
1990/0041/3326 | C | 3.21 | 2.16 | 2.63 | |
1990/0041/2191 | C | 3.51 | 2.28 | 2.83 | |
1990/0041/1726 | C | 3.63 | 2.51 | 3.02 | |
1990/0041/4504 | C | 2.56 | |||
1990/0041/0669 | C | 3.35 | 2.6 | 2.95 | |
2007z0149/0318 | C | 3.58 | 2.64 | 3.07 | |
1990/0041/0626 | C | 3.96 | 2.8 | 3.33 | |
1990/0041/4192 | C | 3.62 | 2.82 | 3.20 | |
1990/0041/1425 | C | 4.38 | 2.86 | 3.54 | |
1990/0041/3123 | C | 3.67 | 2.86 | 3.24 | |
1990/0041/1609 | C | 3.79 | 2.89 | 3.31 | |
743 | C | 4.2 | 2.96 | 3.53 | |
1990/0041/0204 | C | 4.14 | 3 | 3.52 | |
1990/0041/2226 | C | 4.16 | 3.05 | 3.56 | |
1990/0041/2912 | C | 3.81 | 3.06 | 3.41 | |
1990/0041/3127 | C | 4.73 | 3.23 | 3.91 | |
1990/0041/1966 | C | 4.73 | 3.26 | 3.93 | |
1990/0041/4603 | C | 4.37 | 3.26 | 3.77 | |
1990/0041/2373 | C | 4.24 | 3.33 | 3.76 | |
1990/0041/4150b | C | 4.33 | 3.35 | 3.81 | |
1990/0041/0168 | C | 4.54 | 3.48 | 3.97 | |
1990/0041/0169 | C | 3.62 | |||
2014/0194/0605 | C | 4.58 | 3.62 | 4.07 | |
167 | C | 5.36 | 3.65 | 4.42 | |
1990/0041/2401 | C | 5.62 | 3.67 | 4.54 | |
2014/0194/0603 | C | 5.56 | 3.92 | 4.67 | |
1990/0041/1339 | C | 5.07 | 3.93 | 4.46 | |
2007z0149/0311 | C | 4.84 | 3.94 | 4.37 | |
1990/0041/1417 | C | 4.8 | 3.97 | 4.37 | |
1990/0041/1162 | C | 5.14 | 4.02 | 4.55 | |
1990/0041/2453 | C | 4.82 | 4.19 | 4.49 | |
1990/0041/2237 | C | 5.46 | 4.23 | 4.81 | |
1990/0041/1865 | C | 4.99 | 4.25 | 4.61 | |
1990/0041/1843 | C | 5.66 | 4.31 | 4.94 | |
1990/0041/857 | C | 5.16 | 4.42 | 4.78 | |
1990/0041/1923 | C | 4.45 | |||
1990/0041/4619 | C | 4.55 | |||
1990/0041/3346 | C | 6.6 | 4.58 | 5.50 | |
1990/0041/4570 | C | 6.03 | 4.6 | 5.27 | |
1990/0041/3709 | C | 4.61 | |||
1990/0041/2111 | C | 6.19 | 4.82 | 5.46 | |
1990/0041/2449 | C | 6.62 | 4.91 | 5.70 | |
2007z0149/0319 | C | 6.59 | 5 | 5.74 | |
1990/0041/2968 | C | 5.32 | |||
1990/0041/3691 | C | 7.39 | 5.61 | 6.44 | |
1990/0041/1526 | C | 6.85 | 5.7 | 6.25 | |
1990/0041/1321 | C | 7.31 | 5.73 | 6.47 | |
2007z0149/0314 | C | 7.94 | 6.6 | 7.24 | |
1990/0041/2671 | C | 3.33 | 2.82 | 3.06 | R |
2017/0089/0022 | C | 3.5 | L | ||
2017/0089/0021 | C | 5.7 | 3.7 | 4.59 | R |
2014/0194/0672 | C | 4.22 | 3.94 | 4.08 | L |
1990/0041/473 | C | 5.25 | 4.14 | 4.66 | R |
1990/0041/2193a | C | 4.78 | 4.5 | 4.64 | R |
2017/0089/0030 | C | 4.9 | L | ||
2014/0194/0229 | C | 6.4 | 5.2 | 5.77 | L |
2007z0149/0340a | C | 6.64 | 5.8 | 6.21 | R |
1990/0041/1137 | C | 6 | L | ||
2007z149/0316a | C | 6.49 | 6.04 | 6.26 | L |
2014/0194/0793 | C | 7.05 | 6.18 | 6.60 | R |
1990/0041/5101a | C | 6.75 | 6.78 | 6.76 | R |
1990/0041/5102 | C | 7.14 | 7 | 7.07 | L |
1990/0041/1968 | C | R | |||
1990/0041/4437 | C | >6.26 | R | ||
1990/0041/2089 | C | 5.75 | R | ||
1990/0041/2803 | G | 6.92 | |||
1990/0041/2892 | G | 6.8 | 7.1 | 6.95 | |
1990/0041/5036 | G | 7.2 | |||
1990/0041/4108 | G | 7.35 | 7.55 | 7.45 | |
1990/0041/4158 | G | 8.02 | |||
1990/0041/5112 | G | 8.09 | |||
1990/0041/2944 | G | 8.2 | |||
1990/0041/4342 | G | 8.25 | |||
1990/0041/5040 | G | 8.34 | 8.32 | 8.33 | |
1990/0041/4167 | G | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.30 | |
1990/0041/3114 | G | 8.6 | 8.48 | 8.54 | |
1990/0041/2954 | G | 8.3 | 8.66 | 8.48 | |
1990/0041/2817 | G | 8.14 | 8.67 | 8.40 | |
1990/0041/5156 | G | 8.7 | |||
1990/0041/5117 | G | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.45 | |
1990/0041/4325 | G | 9.53 | 9.6 | 9.56 | |
1990/0041/2848 | G | 9.73 | |||
1990/0041/2901 | G | 9.75 | 9.74 | 9.74 | |
1990/0041/3085 | G | 9.77 | |||
1990/0041/4231 | G | 11.3 | 9.8 | 10.52 | |
1990/0041/2604 | G | 9.7 | 9.98 | 9.84 | |
1990/0041/5038 | G | 10 | |||
1990/0041/3208 | G | 10.35 | 10.04 | 10.19 | |
1990/0041/4177 | G | 10.14 | |||
1990/0041/2898 | G | 10.15 | |||
1990/0041/2920 | G | 10.28 | |||
1990/0041/4201 | G | 10.3 | |||
1990/0041/2974 | G | 10.93 | |||
1990/0041/4257 | G | 11.46 | 10.97 | 11.21 | |
1990/0041/2582 | G | 10.99 | |||
1990/0041/2935 | G | 11.2 | |||
1990/0041/2589 | G | 12.44 | 11.44 | 11.93 | |
1990/0041/4133 | G | 11.46 | |||
1990/0041/4329 | G | 13.08 | 11.6 | 12.32 | |
1990/0041/4324 | G | 11.75 | |||
1990/0041/5113 | G | 11.85 | 11.8 | 11.82 | |
1990/0041/5070 | G | 12.16 | |||
1990/0041/2607 | G | 12.2 | |||
1990/0041/2934 | G | 11.8 | 12.5 | 12.14 | |
1990/0041/5119 | G | 11.85 | 12.5 | 12.17 | |
1990/0041/2820 | G | 13.14 | |||
1990/0041/5116 | G | 13.14 | 13.2 | 13.17 | |
1990/0041/2559 | G | 13.22 | |||
1990/0041/5031 | G | 13.4 | |||
1990/0041/2950 | G | 13.5 | |||
1990/0041/5115 | G | 13.7 | 13.8 | 13.75 | |
1990/0041/4188 | G | 14.64 | |||
1990/0041/2739 | G | 14.8 | 14.8 | 14.80 | |
1990/0041/2990 | G | 14.33 | 15.05 | 14.69 | |
1990/0041/2595 | G | 5.44 | |||
1990/0041/2754 | G | 9.7 | |||
1990/0041/2743 | G | 7.24 | |||
1990/0041/4200 | G | 6.46 | |||
1990/0041/4347 | G | 12.05 | |||
1990/0041/1372 | G | 6.95 | 6.95 | 6.95 | R |
1990/0041/0394 | G | 8.8 | 8.4 | 8.60 | R |
1990/0041/3240 | G | 8.8 | 8.7 | 8.75 | L |
1990/0041/3365 | G | 11.4 | 10.4 | 10.89 | R |
2017/0089/0025 | G | 11.4 | L | ||
2017/0089/0012 | G | 11.5 | 11.8 | 11.65 | L |
1990/0041/4101 | G | 12 | 11.9 | 11.95 | R |
1990/0041/3551 | G | 12.2 | L | ||
1990/0041/2427 | G | 12.4 | 12.3 | 12.35 | R |
2014/0194/0965 | G | 13.5 | 12.4 | 12.94 | R |
1990/0041/1344 | G | 12.7 | 12.7 | 12.70 | R |
2014/0194/1000 | G | 12.9 | 12.8 | 12.85 | R |
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Klompmaker, A.A., Robins, C.M., Portell, R.W., De Angeli, A. (2021). Crustaceans as Hosts of Parasites Throughout the Phanerozoic. In: De Baets, K., Huntley, J.W. (eds) The Evolution and Fossil Record of Parasitism. Topics in Geobiology, vol 50. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52233-9_5
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