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The Treatment of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases of the Liver

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Liver Immunology

Abstract

Infections of the liver can be caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. This chapter will focus on treatment of the most common bacterial and parasitic infections of the liver. The dynamic interaction between infection, underlying liver disease/condition, host immunity/nutritional status, and antibiotic treatment has a significant impact on clinical presentation, management, and prognosis of the infection. Certain pathogens are seen more frequently or are more virulent in those with chronic liver diseases (CLD). Thus, this chapter will first discuss the principles in managing bacterial and parasitic diseases of the liver, including managing underlying CLD, immune and nutritional status, and taking precautions against drug-induced liver injury, in addition to antibiotic treatment. We then systematically review the most common bacterial and parasitic infections associated with patient’s underlying liver condition, i.e., those occurring in the setting of acute liver failure and CLD, as well as those occurring in individuals with normal liver function.

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Abbreviations

ACLF:

Acute-on-chronic liver failure

ALA:

Amebic liver abscess

ALD:

Acute liver disease

ALF:

Acute liver failure

CLD:

Chronic liver disease

DILI:

Drug-induced liver injury

ESLD:

End-stage liver disease

MDSC:

Myeloid-derived suppressor cell

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

PLA:

Pyogenic liver abscess

SAB:

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia

SBP:

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

SSTI:

Skin and soft tissue infection

UTI:

Urinary tract infection

VL:

Visceral leishmaniasis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA, USA

    Christopher Rombaoa & Ke-Qin Hu

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  1. Christopher Rombaoa
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  2. Ke-Qin Hu
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Correspondence to Ke-Qin Hu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA

    M. Eric Gershwin

  2. Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    John M. Vierling

  3. Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan

    Atsushi Tanaka

  4. President, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

    Michael P. Manns

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Rombaoa, C., Hu, KQ. (2020). The Treatment of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases of the Liver. In: Gershwin, M.E., M. Vierling, J., Tanaka, A., P. Manns, M. (eds) Liver Immunology . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51709-0_14

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