Abstract
This chapter is a review of data collection systems that measure hate crime at a national level. We discuss how hate crime is measured by the UCR Hate Crime Statistics Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), the two primary sources for hate crime statistics, and we include the School Crime Supplement (SCS), the School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS), and the Campus Safety and Security (CSS) reporting system, which measure hate crimes nationally for educational environments. The history of each data collection system is presented respective to the measurement of hate crime. We show how each system defines and operationalizes hate crime, with particular attention given to which bias motivations and criminal offenses are included in the measurement process. Furthermore, we note any important changes to these data collections systems that can impact the measurement of hate crime. Our discussion in this chapter identifies those systems that collect hate crime data in this country, outlining how each measures hate crime, but more importantly, showing how each system measures hate crime differently.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
In 2013, “human trafficking-commercial sex acts” and “human trafficking-involuntary servitude” were added to the Part I crimes in the SRS and Group A crimes in NIBRS (CJIS, 2013).
- 3.
Refers to hate crime questions being on the public use file of the NCVS (BJS, 2017, p. 53).
- 4.
Robbery is classified as a crime against property in the UCR, but a crime against persons in the NCVS.
- 5.
Schools included “public or private elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, church schools, and vocational or trades schools that led to a high school diploma” and persons who were home schooled or attended colleges or universities were excluded (U.S. DOJ, 2020, p. 5).
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Pezzella, F.S., Fetzer, M.D. (2021). Hate Crime Data Collection Systems. In: The Measurement of Hate Crimes in America. SpringerBriefs in Criminology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51577-5_3
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