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Get Them Young: Children across Borders

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International Students 1860–2010

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Abstract

Children as well as university students have been sent abroad to study, usually from the most deprived or the most wealthy families. Refugee children were often expected to get to school and pick up a new language but some benefited from targeted local programmes: in London and New York in the 1900s, local authorities adapted school programmes to their needs. Orphaned children were sent from Britain to its dominions until the 1950s. Middle and upper-class children went abroad to boarding schools in Britain, which set up vigorous recruitment programmes from the 1970s in response to demand and a concern to keep up their numbers. Girls and a few boys were sent to finishing schools. Programmes for foreign children, mainly during the cold war, took school children from Greece, Korea and Mozambique to eastern Europe and from Africa to Cuba.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Craig Under the old school topee, 217.

  2. 2.

    Orwell, ‘Such, such were the joys’, 436–7.

  3. 3.

    Daniel Frensham Heights, 121–2.

  4. 4.

    Hodges God’s gift, 48, 77.

  5. 5.

    Tyerman History of Harrow school, 357, 463.

  6. 6.

    Fraser The evils of a foreign education, 2, 4, 32.

  7. 7.

    Thobie Les intérêts culturels français, 141, xxiii.

  8. 8.

    Mayer Diploma, 19.

  9. 9.

    Thobie intérêts, xxviii–xxxi.

  10. 10.

    Ibid., xix.

  11. 11.

    Chaubet La politique, 236.

  12. 12.

    Hamouda and Clement Victoria College, 13–17.

  13. 13.

    Lt Col. F. K. M. Walter, quoted in Stow A short history of the Mayo College, 1.

  14. 14.

    Stow Mayo, 8.

  15. 15.

    Fitzgerald and Lambkin Migration, 190.

  16. 16.

    Garrard The English and immigration, 213.

  17. 17.

    Gartner The Jewish immigrant, 222, 227.

  18. 18.

    Zangwill Children of the ghetto, 192, 287.

  19. 19.

    Tyack The one best system, 230.

  20. 20.

    Ravitch The great school wars, 168.

  21. 21.

    Berrol, ‘Education’, 24; Brumberg ‘Going to America’, 90.

  22. 22.

    Dinnerstein ‘Education’, 48.

  23. 23.

    Brumberg ‘Going’, 62; Brumberg ‘Tales’, 112.

  24. 24.

    Berrol ‘Education’, 24.

  25. 25.

    Thomas Sedgwick cited in Wagner Children, 214.

  26. 26.

    Wagner Children, 138, 147, 215.

  27. 27.

    Report of proceedings, 57, NA, ED 24/2126.

  28. 28.

    Conklin ‘Redefining “Frenchness”’, 82.

  29. 29.

    Gill The School of the Americas, 66–7.

  30. 30.

    Bouvier et al. L’impérialisme à la française, 117.

  31. 31.

    Devi A princess remembers, 54, 108.

  32. 32.

    Spark The finishing school, 18.

  33. 33.

    Gregory ‘Finished’.

  34. 34.

    Hesketh Bell, quoted in de Kat Angelino Colonial policy, 397.

  35. 35.

    Bezançon Une colonisation éducatrice?, 221.

  36. 36.

    Hansard HofC 21.11.1938, col. 1314.

  37. 37.

    Titmuss Problems of social policy, 247.

  38. 38.

    Fethney The absurd and the brave, 46–8.

  39. 39.

    Ibid., 173, 176.

  40. 40.

    Kalton The public schools, 33; Public schools commission, para. 309. Estimate derived from Kalton’s proportion, which was based on a sample, and the commission’s total enrolment number, increased to allow for independent schools outside the commission’s remit.

  41. 41.

    Rae The public school revolution, 166.

  42. 42.

    Independent Schools Information Service Annual census.

  43. 43.

    Ibid.

  44. 44.

    Daily Telegraph, 24.10.2011.

  45. 45.

    Central Advisory Council for Education, 15 to 18, 34.

  46. 46.

    Gregory ‘Finished’.

  47. 47.

    Perraton History of foreign students, 97, 133–4.

  48. 48.

    Roche and Pignion Histoire, 80, 172; Haize L’action culturelle, 14.

  49. 49.

    www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/services-aux-citoyens/preparer-son-expatriation/scolarite-en-francais/article/agence-pour-l-enseignement downloaded 1 iv 2016.

  50. 50.

    http://www.polishresettlementcampsintheuk.co.uk/education.htm downloaded 29.4.2020.

  51. 51.

    Zhou Growing up American, 34.

  52. 52.

    Rutter ‘Refugees in today’s world’. 24.

  53. 53.

    Sayers ‘Resettling refugees’, 23, 32.

  54. 54.

    Zhou Growing up American, 134.

  55. 55.

    Jones and Rutter ‘Mapping the field’, 5.

  56. 56.

    Zhou Growing up, 138–40.

  57. 57.

    Müller Legacies of socialist solidarity, 31–2.

  58. 58.

    Ibid., 32–6, 185.

  59. 59.

    Verber ‘True to the politics of FRELIMO’, 198–201.

  60. 60.

    Martinez Perez ‘Cuban higher education scholarships’, 73–82; Lehr ‘The children of the Island of Youth’, 83–105; Hatzky ‘Cuba’s educational mission’, 141–59.

  61. 61.

    Elejalde ‘Cubans sharing education’, 218, 222.

  62. 62.

    Preston ‘Achievements’, 274.

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    Hilary Perraton

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Perraton, H. (2020). Get Them Young: Children across Borders. In: International Students 1860–2010. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49946-4_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49946-4_9

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