Abstract
The chapter explores Canadian Land Acknowledgments, the motivation behind them and argues that a similar practice could aid South African land reform. A land acknowledgement is a written or spoken declaration, acknowledging the land and its previous inhabitants, as well as their removal therefrom. According to Stephen Marche (Canada’s Impossible Acknowledgment, 2017), “[t]he acknowledgment forces individuals and institutions to ask a basic, nightmarish question: Whose land are we on?” The acknowledgement is further meant to “give thanks, consider our individual and collective role in the stewardship of Mother Earth and in building relationships with Indigenous people and communities” (University of Guelph, Territorial Acknowledgement, n.d.). The concept and practice of Land Acknowledgements is largely unknown and therefore unexplored from within the African, and specifically South African, context. As such, this chapter adds to the literature in two important ways. Firstly, it adds to the ongoing debate on land reform in South Africa. Secondly, it contributes to the discussion on Land Acknowledgements that are already taking place in Canada, North America, and Australia.
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Notes
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This does not entail that all Native Americans were nomadic, as there were also “sedentary Natives” who practiced agriculture before the arrival of the European settlers (Wolfe 2006, p. 396). This means that the accusation of ‘savagery’ often levelled against the Native Americans was unfounded, and their “unmistakeable aptitude for civilization”, as demonstrated by their ability to cultivate agriculture, scared the settler colonist (Wolfe 2006, p. 396).
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“A “Band”, or “Indian Band,” is a governing unit of Indians in Canada instituted by the Indian Act, 1876. The Indian Act defines a “band” as a “body of Indians (First Nations Studies Program 2009a).
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For example, it aimed to acknowledge the harms arising as a consequence of the Residential Schools, it provided a safe space for families to tell their stories, promote awareness, create a historical record, and support commemoration (Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada n.d.).
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This is detailed by Kepe and Hall (2016).
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These acts were the Native Land Act [Act 27 of 1913], Native Trust and Land Act [Act 18 of 1936], Groups Areas Act [Act 41 of 1950] and the Population Registration Act [Act 30 of 1950] (Isaacs-Martin 2015, p. 120).
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At the time of writing this chapter (mid-2019), Chapter 25 of the Constitution allows for property to be expropriated, but only when it is in the public interest, and it expropriation must be compensated (Constitutional Assembly 1996, p. 10).
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This paragraph was inspired by a quote from the U.S. Department of Arts and Culture. The original quote reads “Imagine this practice widely adopted: imagine cultural venues, classrooms, conference settings, places of worship, sports stadiums, and town halls, acknowledging traditional lands. Millions would be exposed—many for the first time—to the names of the traditional Indigenous inhabitants of the lands they are on, inspiring them to ongoing awareness and action” (U.S. Department of Arts and Culture n.d.).
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Coetser, Y.M. (2021). We Acknowledge that We Reside On…: Canadian Land Acknowledgments and South African Land Reform. In: Masitera, E. (eds) Philosophical Perspectives on Land Reform in Southern Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49705-7_7
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