Skip to main content

Cerebral Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Neurovascular Neuropsychology

Abstract

Though a recognized entity since the days preceding Morgagni in the seventeenth century, a clear understanding of why aneurysms form, grow, and rupture as well as the best strategies for treating unruptured and ruptured aneurysms still eludes the neuroscience community (Prestigiacomo, Neurosurgery 59:S39–S47, 2006). Recent advances in neurosurgical techniques and neuro-intensive care have resulted in progressive improvement in mortality, morbidity, and functional status following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to the rupture of a cerebral aneurysm (Heros and Morcos, Neurosurgery 47:1007–1033, 2000).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bekelis, K., Gottlieb, D. J., Su, Y., Lanzino, G., Lawton, M. T., & MacKenzie, T. A. (2017). Medicare expenditures for elderly patients undergoing surgical clipping or endovascular intervention for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery, 126, 805–810.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bendel, P., Koivisto, T., Niskanen, E., Könönen, M., Äikiä, M., Hänninen., T., … Vanninen, R.et al. (2009). Brain atrophy and neuropsychological outcome after treatment of ruptured anterior cerebral artery aneurysms: a voxel-based morphometric study. Neuroradiology, 51, 711–722.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellebaum, C., Schafers, L., Schoch, B., Wanke, I., Stolke, D., Forsting, M., & Daum, I. (2004). Clipping vs coiling: Neuropsychological follow up after aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26, 1081–1092.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonares, M. J., Egeto, P., Manoel, d. O., Vesely, K. A., Macdonald, R. L., & Schweizer, T. A. (2016). Unruptured intracranial aneurysm treatment effects on cognitive function: A meta-analysis. Journal of Neurosurgery, 124(3), 784–790.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonares, M. J., Manoel, d. O., Macdonald, R. L., & Schweizer, T. A. (2014). Behavioral profile of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review. Annals of Clinical Translational Neurology, 3, 220–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bornstein, R. A., Weir, B. K. A., Petruk, K. C., & Disney, L. B. (1987). Neuropsychological function in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 21, 651–654.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brilstra, E. H., Rinkel, G. J. E., van der Graff, Y., van Rooij, W. J. J., & Algra, A. (1999). Treatment of intracranial aneurysms by embolization with coils: A systematic review. Stroke, 30, 470–476.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, F. A., Ughwanogho, U., Henderson, G. V., Vlack-Schaffer, R., Sorond, F. A., & Tan, C. O. (2018). The link between cerebrovascular hemodynamics and rehabilitation outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 97(5), 309–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brundle, E., Bohm, C., Lurding, R., Schodel, P., Bele, S., Hochreiter, A., … Schebesch, K. M. (2016). Treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms and cognitive performance: Preliminary results of a prospective clinical trial. World Neurosurgery, 94, 145–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buunk, A.M., Groen, R.J.M., Veenstra, W.S., Metzemaekers, J.D.M., van der Hoeven, J.H., … & Spikman, J.M. (2016). Cognitive Deficits After Aneurysmal and Angiographically Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Memory, Attention, Executive Functioning, and Emotion Recognition. Neuropsychology, 30(8), 961–969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalif, D. J., & Weinberg, J. S. (1998). Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, 9, 797–821.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, A., Ho, S., & Poon, W. S. (2002). Neuropsychological sequelae of patients treated with microsurgical clipping or endovascular embolization for anterior communicating artery aneurysm. European Neurology, 47, 37–44.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Z., Chen, G., Song, W., Liu, L., Yang, Y., & Ling, F. (2009). Rehabilitation combined with ventriculoperitoneal shunt for patients with chronic normal pressure hydrocephalus due to aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A preliminary study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41(13), 1096–1099.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clinchot, D. M., Bogner, J. A., & Kaplan, P. E. (1997). Cerebral aneurysms: Analysis of rehabilitation outcomes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 78, 346–349.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crago, E.A., Price, T.J., Bender, C.M., Ren, D., Poloyac, S.M., Sherwood, P.R. (2016). Impaired Work Productivity After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 48(5), 260–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Santis, A., Carnini, F., Costa, F., Fornari, M., Galbusera, F., Gaini, S. M., … Pauri, F. (2007). 237 ACoA aneurysms clipped or embolized. Outcomes measurement using the De Santis-CESE assessment tool. Journal of Neurosurgery, 51(4), 159–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLuca, J., & Diamond, B. J. (1995). Aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery: A review of neuroanatomical and neuropsychological sequelae. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17, 100–121.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dombovy, M., Drew-Cates, J., & Serdans, R. (1998). Recovery and rehabilitation following subarachnoid haemorrhage: Part II long-term follow-up. Brain Injury, 12, 887–894.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Escartin, G., Junque, C., Juncadella, M., Gabarros, A., de Miquel, M. A., & Ribio, F. (2012). Decision-making impairment on the Iowa Gambling task after endovascular coiling or neurosurgical clipping for ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Neuropsychology, 26(2), 172–180.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, C. M., Kistler, J. P., & Davis, J. M. (1980). Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by CT scanning. Neurosurgery, 6, 1–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fukunaga, A., Uchida, K., Hashimoto, J., & Kawase, T. (1999). Neuropsychological evaluation and cerebral blood flow study of 30 patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms before and after surgery. Surgical Neurology, 51, 132–139.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Germano, A., Caruso, G., Caffo, M., Cacciola, F., Belvedere, A., Tisano, A., … Tomasello, F. (1998). Does subarachnoid blood extravasation per se induce long-term neuropsychological and cognitive alteration? Acta Neurochirurgica, 140, 805–812.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, M. L., & Anderson, C. S. (2000). Health outcomes 1 year after subarachnoid hemorrhage: An international population-based study. Neurology, 55, 658–662.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hadjivassiliou, M., Tooth, C. L., Romanowski, C. A. J., Byrne, J., Battersby, R. D. E., Oxbury, S., … Sagar, H. J. (2001). Aneurysmal SAH: Cognitive outcome and structural damage after clipping or coiling. Neurology, 56, 1672–1677.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanlon, R., Clontz, B., & Thomas, M. (1993). Management of severe behavioral dyscontrol following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 3(1), 63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrigan, M. R. (1996). Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome: A review. Neurosurgery, 38, 152–160.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haug, T., Sorteberg, A., Sorteberg, W., Lindegaard, K. F., Lunder, T., & Finset, A. (2009). Cognitive functioning and health-related quality of life after rupture of an aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery versus middle cerebral artery. British Journal of Neurosurgery, 23(5), 507–515.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hellawell, D., & Pentland, B. (2001). Relatives’ reports of long-term problems following traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid haemorrhage. Disability and Rehabilitation, 23, 300–305.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heros, R., & Morcos, J. (2000). Cerebrovascular surgery: Past, present, and future. Neurosurgery, 47, 1007–1033.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hillis, A. E., Anderson, N., Sampath, P., & Rigamonti, D. (2000). Cognitive impairments after surgical repair of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 69, 608–615.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hinkebein, H., Callahan, C. D., & Gelber, D. (2001). Reduplicative paramnesia: Rehabilitation of content-specific delusion after brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 46, 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoh, B. L., Cheung, A. C., Rabinov, J. D., Pryor, J. C., Carter, B. S., & Ogilvy, C. S. (2004). Results of a prospective protocol of computed tomographic angiography in place of catheter angiography as the only diagnostic and pretreatment planning study for cerebral aneurysms by a combined neurovascular team. Neurosurgery, 54, 1329–1340.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, J., & van Gelder, J. M. (2002). The probability of sudden death from rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis. Neurosurgery, 51, 1101–1105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, W. E., & Hess, R. M. (1968). Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. Journal of Neurosurgery, 28, 14–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, I., Duffis, E. J., Gandhi, C. D., & Prestigiacomo, C. J. (2013). Genome-wide association studies of intracranial aneurysms: An update. Stroke, 44, 2670–2675.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, T., Ohwaki, K., Tamura, A., Saito, L., & Saito, N. (2014). Subtle structural change demonstrated on T2-weighted images after clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysm: Negative effects on cognitive performance. Journal of Neurosurgery, 120(4), 937–944.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, S. C. (2002). Effect of endovascular services and hospital volume on cerebral aneurysm treatment outcomes. Stroke, 31, 111–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, S. C., Dowd, C. F., Higashida, R. T., Lawton, M. T., Duckwiler, G. R., & Gress, D. R. (2008). Predictors of rehemorrhage after treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: The Cerebral Aneurysm Rerupture After Treatment (CARAT) study. Stroke, 39, 120–125.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Juvela, S., Porras, M., & Poussa, K. (2000). Natural history of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A long-term follow-up study. Journal of Neurosurgery, 93, 379–387.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, D. H., Hwang, Y. H., Bae, G. Y., & Lee, S. J. (2013). Cognitive outcome and clinically silent thromboembolic events after coiling of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery, 72(4), 638–645.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kikkert, M. A., Ribbers, G. M., & Koudstall, P. J. (2006). Alien Hands Syndrome in stroke: A report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 87, 728–732.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, D., Haney, C., & Van Ginhoven, G. (2005). Utility of outcome measures after treatment for intracranial aneurysms: A prospective trial involving 520 patients. Stroke, 36, 792–796.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H., Lee, S., Lee, C.-Y., & Lee, D. G. (2014). Intracranial hemorrhage in the corpus callosum presenting as callosal disconnection syndrome: FDG-PET and tractography: A case report. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 38(6), 871–875.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Koivisto, T., Vanninen, R., Hurskainen, H., Saari, T., Hernesniemi, J., & Vapalahti, M. (2000). Outcomes of early endovascular vs surgical treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. A prospective randomized study. Strike, 31, 2369–2377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krajewski, K., Dombek, S., Martens, T., Köppen, J., Westphal, M., &Regelsberger, J. (2014). Neuropsychological assessments in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, perimesencephalic SAH,and incidental aneurysms. Neurosurgical Review, 37, 55–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kubo, Y., Ogasawara, K., Kashimura, H., Otawara, Y., Kakinko, S., Sugawara, A., & Ogawa, A. (2010). Cognitive function and anxiety before and after surgery for asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms in elderly patients. World Neurosurgery, 73(4), 350–353.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lanterna, L. A., Rigoldi, M., Biroli, F., Cesana, C., Gaini, S. M., & Dalpra, L. (2005). APOE influences vasospasm and cognition of noncomatose patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology, 64, 1238–1244.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Latimer, S. F., Wilson, F. C., McCusker, C. G., Caldwell, S. B., & Rennie, I. (2013). Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH): Long-term cognitive outcome in patients treated with surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. Disability and Rehabilitation, 35(10), 845–850.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lysakowski, C., Walder, B., Costanza, M. C., & Tramer, M. R. (2001). Transcranial Doppler versus angiography in patients with vasospasm due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm: A systematic review. Stroke, 32, 2292–2298.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, R.L., Higashida, R.T., Keller, E., Mayer, S.A., Molyneux, A., Raabe, A., … Kassell, N. (2012). Randomized Trial of Clazosentan in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Undergoing Endovascular Coiling. Stroke, 43(6), 1463–1469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayeux, R., Ottman, R., Tang, M. X., Noboa-Bauza, L., Marder, K., Gurland, B., & Stern, Y. (1993). Genetic susceptibility and head injury as risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease among community-dwelling elderly persons and their first-degree relatives. Annals of Neurology, 33, 494–501.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molyneux, A. J., Birks, J., Clarke, A., Sneade, M., & Kerr, R. S. C. (2015). The durability of endovascular coiling versus neurosurgical clipping of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: 18 year follow-up of the UK cohort of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT). Lancet, 385, 691–697.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Molyneux, A. J., Kerr, R. S. C., Yu, L.-M., Clarke, M., Sneade, J. A., Yarnold, J. A., & Sandercock, P. (2005). International subarachnoid aneurysm trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: A randomized comparison of effects on survival, dependency, seizures, rebleeding, subgroups, and aneurysm occlusion. Lancet, 366, 809–817.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mukerji, N., Holliman, D., Baisch, S., Noble, A., Schenk, T., & Nath, F. (2010). Neuropsychologic impact of treatment modalities in subarachnoid hemorrhage: Clipping is no different from coiling. World Neurosurgery, 74(1), 129–138.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, C. E., DeLuca, J., Hopkins, R. O., & Gluck, M. A. (2006). Conditional discrimination and reversal in amnesia subsequent to hypoxic brain injury or anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture. Neuropsychologia, 44, 130–139.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nieuwkamp, D. J., Setz, L. E., Algra, A., Linn, F. H., de Rooij, N. K., & Rinkel, G. J. E. (2009). Changes in case fatality of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage over time, according to age, sex, and region: a meta-analysis. Lancet Neurology, 8, 635–642.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, J. A., Levin, P. L., & Mee, E. W. (1990). Long-tern neuropsychological and psychological effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 3, 260–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, J. A., Utley, T., & Mee, E. W. (1997). Neurological and psychosocial outcome 4 to 7 years after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 41, 25–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohno, K., Masaoka, H., Suzuki, R., Monma, S., & Matsushima, Y. (1991). Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm of unusually late onset after aneurysm rupture. Acta Neurochirurgica, 108(3–4), 163–166.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Passier, P. E. C. A., Visser-Melly, J. M. A., van Zandvoort, M. J. E., Post, M. W. M., Rinker, G. J. E., & van Heugten, C. (2010). Prevalence and determinants of cognitive complaints after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular Diseases, 29, 557–563.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pierot, L., Gawlitza, M., & Soize, S. (2017). Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: Management strategy and current endovascular options. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 17, 977–986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, J., Kitchen, N., Heslin, J., & Greenwood, R. (2002). Psychosocial outcomes at three and nine months after good neurological recovery from aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage: Predictors and prognosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 72, 772–781.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prestigiacomo, C. J. (2006). Historical perspectives: The surgical and endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery, 59, S39–S47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prestigiacomo, C. J., Connolly, E. S., Jr., & Quest, D. O. (1996). Use of carotid ultrasound as a preoperative assessment of extracranial carotid artery blood flow and vascular anatomy. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, 7, 577–587.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prestigiacomo, C. J., He, W., Catrambone, J., Chung, S., Kasper, L., Pasupuleti, L., & Mittal, N. (2009). Predicting aneurysm rupture probabilities through the application of a computed tomography angiography-derived binary logistic egression model. Journal of Neurosurgery, 110, 1–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raaymakers, T. W. M., & The MARS Study Group. (1999). Aneurysms in relatives of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: Frequency and risk factors. Neurology, 53, 982–988.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoton, A. (2002). Aneurysms. Neurosurgery, 51, S121–S158.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ridwan, S., Urbach, H., Greschus, S., von Hagen, J., Esche, J., & Bostrom, A. (2017). Health care costs of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage for rehabilitation, home care, and in-hospital treatment for the first year. World Neurosurgery, 97, 495–500.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roussel, M., Martinaud, O., Hénon, H., Vercelletto, M., Bindschadler, C., Joseph, P-A. … on behalf of the GREFEX study group. (2016). The Behavioral and Cognitive Executive Disorders of Stroke: The GREFEX Study. PLOS ONE, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147602.

  • Saveland, H., Hillman, J., Brandt, L., Edner, G., Jakobsson, K.-E., & Algers, G. (1992). Overall outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A prospective study from neurosurgical units in Sweden during a 1-year period. Journal of Neurosurgery, 6, 729–734.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schievink, W. I. (1997). Intracranial aneurysms. New England Journal of Medicine, 336, 28–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, R. B., Eccles, F., Molyneaux, A. J., Kerr, R. S., Rothwell, P. M., & Carpenter, K. (2010). Improved cognitive outcomes with endovascular coiling of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: Neuropsychological outcomes from the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT). Stroke, 41(8), 1743–1747.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sethi, H., Moore, A., Dervin, J., Clifton, A., & MacSweeney, J. E. (2000). Hydrocephalus: comparison of clipping and embolization in aneurysm treatment. Journal of Neurosurgery, 92, 991–994.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan, J. P., Polin, R. S., Sheehan, J. M., Baskaya, M. K., & Kassell, N. F. (1999). Factors associated with hydrocephalus after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery, 45, 1120–1127.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simard, S., Rouleau, I., Brosseau, J., Laframboise, M., & Bojanowsky, M. (2003). Impact of executive dysfunctions on episodic memory abilities in patients with ruptured aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery. Brain and Cognition, 53, 354–358.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slooter, A. J., Tang, M. X., van Dujin, C. M., Hoffman, A., & van Dujin, C. M. (1997). Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and neuropsychological outcome following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 818–821.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sonesson, B., Kronvall, E., Säveland, H., Brandt, L., & Nilsson, O.G. (2017). Long-term reintegration and quality of life in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and a good neurological outcome: findings after more than 20 years. Journal of Neurosurgery, 128, 785–792.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spetzler, R. F., MacDougall, C. G., Albuquerque, F. C., Zabramski, J. M., Hills, N. K., Partovi, S., … Wallace, R. C. (2013). The Barrow ruptured aneurysm trial: 3-year results. Journal of Neurosurgery, 119, 146–157.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spetzler, R. F., MacDougall, C. G., Zabramski, J. M., Albuquerque, F. C., Hills, N. K., Russin, J. J., … Wallace, R. C. (2015). The Barrow ruptured aneurysm trial: 6-year results. Journal of Neurosurgery, 123, 609–617.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, M., Chang, D., Odell, M., & Sperber, K. (2006). Rehabilitation implications of non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage. Brain Injury, 20, 679–685.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stienen, M.N., Smoll, N.R., Weisshaupt, R., Fandino, J., Hildebrandt, G., Studerus-Germann, A. & Schatlo, B., (2014). Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Predicts Neurocognitive Impairment Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. World Neurosurgery, 82(5), e599-e605.

    Google Scholar 

  • Struriale, C. L., Brinjikji, W., Murad, M. H., & Lanzino, G. (2013). Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms in elderly patients. Stroke, 44, 1897–1902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, Y., Bachman, D. L., & Miyazaki, M. (1991). Pharmacotherapy for akinesia following anterior communicating artery aneurysm hemorrhage. Japanese Journal of Medicine, 30, 542–544.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, T. N., Davis, P. H., Torner, J. C., Holmes, J., Meyer, J. W., & Jacobson, M. F. (1996). Lifetime cost of stroke in the United States. Stroke, 27, 1459–1466.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tominari, S., Morita, A., Ishibashi, T., Yamazaki, T., Takao, H., Murayama, Y., … Nakayama, T. (2015). Prediction model for 3-year rupture risk of unruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients. Annals of Neurology, 77, 1050–1059.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Towgood, K., Ogden, J. A., & Mee, E. (2004). Neurological, neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome following treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A review and commentary. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 114–134.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Towgood, K., Ogden, J. A., & Mee, E. (2005). Neurological, neuropsychological and functional outcome following treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11, 522–534.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vale, F. L., Bradley, E. L., & Fisher, W. S., III. (1997). The relationship of subarachnoid hemorrhage and the need for postoperative shunting. Journal of Neurosurgery, 86, 462–466.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Velat, G. J., Kimball, M. M., Mocco, J. D., & Hoh, B. L. (2011). Vasospasm after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses in the literature. World Neurosurgery, 76, 446–454.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vermeulen, M. J., & Schull, M. J. (2007). Missed diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the emergency department. Stroke, 38, 1216–1221.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Victor, M., & Ropper, A. H. (2001). Cerebrovascular diseases. In R. D. Adams & M. Victor (Eds.), Principles of neurology (pp. 821–924). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viera, A. C., Azevedo-Filho, H. R., Andrade, G., Costa e Silva, I. E., de Fatima Leal Griz, M., Quinino, S., … Câmara, D., Jr. (2012). Cognitive changes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage before and early posttreatment: Differences between surgical and endovascular. World Neurosurgery, 78(1–2), 95–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vilkki, J., Holst, P., Ohman, J., Servo, A., & Heiskanen, O. (1990). Social outcome related to cognitive performance and computed tomographic findings after surgery for a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Neurosurgery, 26, 579–584.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vilkki, J. (1985). Amnesic syndromes after surgery of anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Cortex, 21, 431–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weir, B. (2002). Unruptured intracranial aneurysm: A review. Journal of Neurosurgery, 96, 3–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weir, B., Disney, L., & Karrison, T. (2002). Sizes of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms in relation to their sites and the ages of patients. Journal of Neurosurgery, 96, 64–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westerkam, R., Cifu, D. X., & Keyser, L. (1997). Functional outcome after inpatient rehabilitation following aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A prospective analysis. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 4, 20–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiebers, D. O., Whisnant, J. P., Huston, J., III., Meissner, I., Brown, R. D., Jr., Piepgras, D. G., … Torner, J. C. (2003). International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Investigators. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: natural history, clinical outcome, and risks of surgical and endovascular treatment. Lancet, 362(9378), 103–1010.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. D., Safavi-Abbasi, S., Sun, H., Kalani, M. Y. S., Zhao, Y. D., Levitt, M. R., … Spetzler, R. F. (2017). Meta-analysis and systematic review of risk factors for shunt dependency after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery, 126, 586–595.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, F. C., Manly, T., Coyle, D., & Robertson, I. H. (2000). The effect of contralesional limb activation training and sustained attention training for self-care programmes in unilateral spatial neglect. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 16, 1–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winn, H. R., Jane, J. A., Sr., Taylor, J., Kaiser, D., & Britz, G. W. (2002). Prevalence of asymptomatic incidental aneurysms: Review of 4568 arteriograms. Journal of Neurosurgery, 96, 43–49.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yeo, S. S., & Jang, S. H. (2013). Recovery of an injured fornix in a stroke patient. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 45(10), 1078–1080.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zweifel-Zehnder, A. E., Stienen, M. N., Chicherio, C., Studerus-Germann, A., Bläsi, S., Rossi, S., . . . the Swiss SOS Study Group. (2015). Call for uniform neuropsychological assessment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Swiss recommendations. Acta Neurochirurgica, 157, 1449–1458.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John DeLuca .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

DeLuca, J., Prestigiacomo, C.J. (2020). Cerebral Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. In: Lazar, R., Pavol, M., Browndyke, J. (eds) Neurovascular Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49586-2_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics