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Causes and Consequences of Age-Related Hearing Loss

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Aging and Hearing

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 72))

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Abstract

Hearing loss in older adults is a national and global health priority. Fifty percent of adults over the age of 60 years are impacted by a clinically meaningful hearing loss, with that number increasing to every two out of three adults over the age of 70. There is also growing recognition that hearing loss is associated with increased risk for health conditions including dementia and falls. This chapter describes what is known about age-related hearing loss from population-based epidemiologic studies, including the prevalence (burden of existing hearing loss) and incidence (new cases of hearing loss), and describes patterns of severity and trends by demographics and over time. Risk factors for hearing loss are discussed, including those for acquired (and therefore potentially preventable) hearing loss, such as noise exposure, environmental exposures, medications, and cardiovascular-related factors. Also included is epidemiologic evidence for possible consequences of age-related hearing loss, beginning with a framework for understanding how epidemiologic and clinical research is synthesized and evaluated to determine the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. Evidence is then presented for the association between age-related hearing loss and communication and functional geriatric outcomes, including dementia, cognitive impairment and decline, depression, physical function and disability, social engagement, and healthcare utilization. A theoretical biological mechanistic rationale is also provided as to why age-related hearing loss may possibly be related to these important functional outcomes in older adults.

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Compliance with Ethics Requirements

Jennifer A. Deal declares no conflict of interest.

Nicholas S. Reed reports Scientific Advisory Board Member (nonfinancial relationship) to Clearwater Clinical.

Emily C. Pedersen declares no conflict of interest.

Frank R. Lin declares personal fees from Cochlear Ltd., personal fees from Amplifon, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim outside the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Jennifer A. Deal, Nicholas S. Reed & Frank R. Lin

  2. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Jennifer A. Deal, Nicholas S. Reed, Emily C. Pedersen & Frank R. Lin

  3. Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Jennifer A. Deal, Nicholas S. Reed, Emily C. Pedersen & Frank R. Lin

  4. Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Frank R. Lin

Authors
  1. Jennifer A. Deal
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  2. Nicholas S. Reed
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  3. Emily C. Pedersen
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  4. Frank R. Lin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jennifer A. Deal .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Communication Disorders, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA

    Karen S. Helfer

  2. Department of Biological Sciences and the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    Edward L. Bartlett

  3. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  4. Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Deal, J.A., Reed, N.S., Pedersen, E.C., Lin, F.R. (2020). Causes and Consequences of Age-Related Hearing Loss. In: Helfer, K.S., Bartlett, E.L., Popper, A.N., Fay, R.R. (eds) Aging and Hearing. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 72. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49367-7_8

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