Abstract
Crafted souvenirs, craft-based service production and an increasing interest in creative tourism are enabling job opportunities in Nordic North, where tourism as an employer is growing fast. However, tourism offers mainly seasonal jobs and leads to the erosion of local culture if services are not authentic. Based on the interviews and service design workshops, the authors have studied the needs and expectations for craft-based services among crafters in Finnish Lapland. Crafters are lifestyle entrepreneurs who see tourism as necessary for their livelihood but hesitate to commit to large-scale tourism collaboration. Continuing education, networking, joint spaces for producing creative tourism services and a common label support not only crafters in finding employment but also cultural sustainability of the area.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamson, Glenn. 2007. Thinking Through Craft. Oxford: Berg.
Banks, Mark. 2010. Craft labour and creative industries. International Journal of Cultural Policy 16 (3): 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286630903055885.
Baum, Tom, and Laura Hagen. 1999. Responses to seasonality: The experiences of peripheral destinations. International Journal of Tourism Research 1 (5): 299–312.
Cambridge Dictionary. n.d. “Craft” meaning. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/craft. Accessed on May 2, 2019.
Chen, Joseph S., and Wei Wang. 2015. Foreign labours in arctic destinations: Seasonal workers’ motivations and job skills. Current Issues in Tourism 18 (4): 350–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2014.894499.
Cornelisse, Miranda. 2018. Understanding memorable tourist experiences: A case study. Research in Hospitality Management 8 (2): 93–99.
de Bernardi, Cecilia, Outi Kugapi, and Monika Lüthje. 2018. Sámi Indigenous tourism empowerment in the Nordic countries through labelling systems: Strengthening ethnic enterprises and activities. In Tourism and Ethnodevelopment: Inclusion, Empowerment and Self-Determination, edited by Ismar Borges de Lima and Victor T. King, 200–212. Oxon: Routledge.
Duxbury, Nancy, and Greg Richards. 2019a. Towards a research agenda for creative tourism: A synthesis of suggested future research trajectories. In A Research Agenda for Creative Tourism, edited by Nancy Duxbury and Greg Richards, 1–14. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Duxbury, Nancy, and Greg Richards. 2019b. Towards a research agenda for creative tourism: Developments, diversity and dynamics. In A Research Agenda for Creative Tourism, edited by Nancy Duxbury and Greg Richards, 182–192. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Erkkilä-Hill, Jaana. 2017. Walking on water, living adventurously: Travelling laboratories for artistic thinking. In Relate North: Practising Place, Heritage, Art & Design for Creative Communities, ed. Timo Jokela and Glen Coutts, 132–148. Rovaniemi: Lapland University Press.
Friedman, Jonathan. 1994. Cultural Identity & Global Process. London: SAGE.
Graburn, Nelson H.H. 1976. Introduction: Arts of the fourth world. In Ethnic and Tourist Art, edited by Nelson H.H. Graburn, 1–32. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Guttorm, Gunvor. 2015. Contemporary Duodji—A personal experience in understanding traditions. In Relate North: Art, Heritage and Identity, ed. Timo Jokela and Glen Coutts, 60–76. Rovaniemi: Lapland University Press.
Handmade in Lapland. (2018). Project application. https://www.eura2014.fi/rrtiepa/projekti.php?projektikoodi=S21344. Accessed on May 2, 2019.
Härkönen, Elina, Maria Huhmarniemi, and Timo Jokela. 2018. Crafting sustainability: Handcraft in contemporary art and cultural sustainability in Lapland. Sustainability 10 (6): 1907. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061907.
Heinilä, Juhani, Hanna Strömberg, Jaana Leikas, Veikko Ikonen, Netta Iivari, Timo Jokela, Kari-Pekka Aikio, Ilari Jounila, Jettie Hoonhout, and Natasja Leurs (eds.). 2005. User Centred Design Guidelines for Methods and Tools. Tampere: VTT Information Technology; University of Oulu, Department of Information Processing Science; Philips Research, Philips Applied Technologies. The Nomadic Media Consortium. https://www.vtt.fi/inf/julkaisut/muut/2005/UCD_Guidelines.pdf.
Heldt Cassel, Susanna, and Teresa Miranda Maureira. 2017. Performing identity and culture in Indigenous tourism—A study of Indigenous communities in Québec, Canada. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 15 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766825.2015.1125910.
Hiltunen, Mirja. 2009. Yhteisöllinen taidekasvatus. Performatiivisesti pohjoisen sosiokulttuurisissa ympäristöissä [Community-Based Art Education: Performative Activities in Northern Environment and Society]. Acta Universitatis Lapponiensis 160. PhD dissertation, University of Lapland. Rovaniemi: Lapland University Press.
House of Lapland. 2018. 10 facts about tourism in Lapland. https://www.lapland.fi/uploads/2018/04/428a8f68-pdf_10-facts-about-tourism-in-lapland-2018.pdf. Accessed on June 26, 2019.
Huhmarniemi, Maria, and Timo Jokela. 2019. Environmental art for tourism in the arctic: From handicraft to integrated art and reform on artists’ skills. Synnyt/origins, Special issue on Arctic Arts Summit 1: 63–80. https://wiki.aalto.fi/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=151504259. Accessed on June 26, 2019.
Hume, David L. 2013. Tourism Art and Souvenirs: The Material Culture of Tourism. Routledge Advances in Tourism. Oxon: Routledge.
Jóhannesson, Gunnar Thór, and Katrin Anna Lund. 2018. Creative connections? Tourists, entrepreneurs and destination dynamics. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 18 (sup. 1): S60–S74. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2017.1340549.
Jokela, Timo, Elina Härkönen, and Antti-Jussi Yliharju (eds.). 2014. Snow Design in Lapland—Initiating Cooperation. Rovaniemi: Lapland University Press.
Jokela, Timo, Glen Coutts, Maria Huhmarniemi, and Elina Härkönen (eds.). 2013. Cool—Applied Visual Arts in the North. Rovaniemi: Lapland University Press.
Keinonen, Turkka, Janne Andersson, Jukka-Pekka Bergman, Sampsa Piira, and Mikko Saaskilahti. 2004. Mitä tuotekonseptointi on? [What is concept design for products?]. In Tuotekonseptointi [Concept Design for Products], edited by Turkka Keinonen, Janne Andersson, Jukka-Pekka Bergman, Sampsa Piira, and Mikko Sääskilahti. Helsinki: Teknologiateollisuus ry.
Kramvig, Britt, and Anne Britt Flemmen. 2019. Turbulent Indigenous objects: Controversies around cultural appropriation and recognition of difference. Journal of Material Culture 24 (1): 64–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183518782719.
Kugapi, Outi, and Emily Höckert. 2018. Knitting and purling care: Entangled stories of green-and-white mittens. Paper presented at the Nordic Symposium of Tourism and Hospitality Research, Alta, Norway, September 24–26.
Lapin Kansa. (2019). Lappiin perustettiin yli tuhat uutta yritystä [Almost 1000 New Enterprises Established in Lapland], January 28, 2019, A4.
Lee, Tsung Hung, and Fen-Hauh Jan. 2019. Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents’ perceptions of the sustainability. Tourism Management 70: 368–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.003.
Mager, Birgit. 2009. Introduction to service design: Digital communications tool. Culminatum Innovation 2009. http://www.share2solve.org/introsd/start/Main.html. Accessed on May 1, 2009.
Mällinen, Maria-Riitta, and Sarkki Simo. 2014. Tekemällä matkailun kulttuuriseen kestävyyteen: Ongelmia ja niiden hallintaa Utsjoen kirkonkylässä [Doing culturally sustainable tourism: Problems and solutions for their governance in Utsjoki, Finland]. Matkailututkimus 11 (2): 25–41.
Marcketti, Sara B., Linda S. Niehm, and Ruchita Fuloria. 2006. An exploratory study of lifestyle entrepreneurship and its relationship to life quality. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 34 (3): 241–259.
Matahaere-Atariki, Donna. 2017. Cultural Revitalisation and the Making of Identity Within Aotearoa New Zealand. Te Puni Kōkiri. https://www.tpk.govt.nz/en/a-matou-mohiotanga/culture/cultural-revitalisation-and-the-making-of-identity. Accessed on May 12, 2018.
Miettinen, Satu. 2007. Designing the creative tourism experience: A service design process with Namibian craftspeople. PhD dissertation, University of Art and Design Helsinki.
Miettinen, Satu (ed.). 2011. Palvelumuotoilu. Uusia menetelmiä käyttäjätiedon hankintaan ja hyödyntämiseen [Service Design: New Methods for Collecting and Applying Users Knowledge]. Helsinki: Teknologiainfo Teknova.
Miettinen, Satu, and Anu Valtonen (eds.). 2012. Service Design with Theory: Discussions on Change, Value and Methods. Rovaniemi: Lapland University Press.
Miettinen, Satu, and Mikko Koivisto. 2009. Designing Services with Innovative Methods. Kuopio and Helsinki: Kuopio Academy of Design and University of Art and Design Helsinki.
Miettinen, Satu, Jaana Erkkilä-Hill, Salla-Mari Koistinen, Timo Jokela, and Mirja Hiltunen. 2019. Stories of design, snow and silence: Creative tourism landscape in Lapland. In A Research Agenda for Creative Tourism, ed. Nancy Duxbury and Greg Richards, 69–83. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Miettinen, Satu, Simo Rontti, and Jaana Jeminen. 2014. Co-prototyping emotional value. In 19th DMI: Academic Management Conference. Design Management in an Era of Disruption, London, UK, 2–4 September.
Ministry of Education and Culture. 2018. Taide ja kulttuuri osana alueiden kehitystä; Näkymä vuoteen 2025 [Art and Culture Part of Destination Development: Vision to Year 2025]. Helsinki: Publications of Ministry of Education and Culture 2018:20. Retrieved from http://urn.f/URN:ISBN:978-952-263-566-2.
Minnakhmetova, Ramilya, Svetlana Usenyuk-Kravchuk, and Yulia Konkova. 2019. A context-sensitive approach to the use of traditional ornament in contemporary design practice. Synnyt/origins, Special issue on Arctic Arts Summit 1: 49–62. https://wiki.aalto.fi/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=151504259. Accessed on June 26, 2019.
Müller, Dieter K., and Arvid Viken. 2017. Indigenous tourism in the arctic. In Tourism and Indigeneity in the Arctic, edited by Arvid Viken and Dieter K. Müller, 3–15. Bristol: Channel View Publications.
OECD. 2014. Tourism and the Creative Economy. OECD Studies on Tourism. Franc: OECD Publishing.
Rantala, Outi, Anu Valtonen, and Vesa Markuksela. 2011. Materializing tourist weather: Ethnography on weather-wise wilderness guiding practices. Journal of Material Culture 16 (3): 285–300.
Rantala, Outi, Suzanne de la Barre, Brynhild Granås, Gunnar Thór Jóhannesson, Dieter K. Müller, Jarkko Saarinen, Kaarina Tervo-Kankare, Patrick T. Maher, and Maaria Niskala. 2019. Arctic Tourism in Times of Change: Seasonality. Tema Nord 2019, 528. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.
Regional Council of Lapland. 2015. Lapin matkailustrategia 2015–2018 [Tourism Strategy of Lapland 2015–2018]. http://www.lappi.fi/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=2265071&name=DLFE-25498.pdf. Accessed on June 15, 2019.
Regional Council of Lapland. 2018. Lapin suhdannekatsaus 2018 [The Economic Outlook of Lapland 2018]. http://www.meri-lappi.fi/assets/Uploads/Lapin-suhdannekatsaus-2018.pdf. Accessed on May 20, 2019.
Remoaldo, Paula, Olga Matos, Isabel Freitas, Hélder da Silva, Vítor Ribeiro Lopes, Ricardo Gôja, and Miguel Pereira. 2019. Good and not-so-good practices in creative tourism networks and platforms: An international review. In A Research Agenda for Creative Tourism, ed. Nancy Duxbury and Greg Richards, 167–181. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Richards, Greg. 2011. Creativity and tourism: The state of art. Annals of Tourism Research 38 (4): 1225–1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.07.008.
Richards, Greg, and Crispin Raymond. 2000. Creative tourism. ATLAS News 23: 16–20.
Richards, Greg, and Julie Wilson. 2006. Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture? Tourism Management 27: 1209–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.06.002.
Sandell, Terry, and Lila Skarveli. 2016. Mapping exercise: How could creative industries foster innovation in tourism in the Northern dimension area? Country Report ± Finland. The Northern Dimension Partnership on Culture. https://www.ndpculture.org/studies/mapping-exercise-how-could-creative-industries-foster-innovation-in-tourismin-the-northern-dimension-area. Accessed on December 15, 2018.
Schilar, Hannelene, and E.Carina Keskitalo. 2018. Ethnic boundaries and boundary-making in handicrafts: Examples from Northern Norway, Sweden and Finland. Acta Borealia 35 (1): 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2018.1456073.
Siivonen, Katriina. 2003. Mikä on kulttuurisesti kestävää? Kulttuuri arkisena vuorovaikutuksena ja matkailutuotteena [What is culturally sustainable? Culture as everyday interaction and as tourism product]. Kulttuurintutkimus 20 (2): 9–15.
Similä, Jukka, and Mikko Jokinen. 2018. Governing conflicts between mining and tourism in the arctic. Arctic Review 9: 148–173. https://doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v9.1068.
Simpson, Murray C. 2008. Community benefit tourism initiatives—A conceptual oxymoron? Tourism Management 29 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.06.005.
Soini, Katariina, and Inger Birkeland. 2014. Exploring the scientific discourse on cultural sustainability. Geoforum 11: 213–223.
Srivastava, R.M., and Shubhra Verma. 2012. Strategic Management: Concepts, Skills and Practices. New Delhi: PHI Learning.
Sthapit, Erose, and Peter Björk. 2017. Relative contributions of souvenirs on memorability of a trip experience and revisit intention: A study of visitors to Rovaniemi, Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2017.1354717.
Swarbrooke, John. 2002. Sustainable Tourism Management. Oxon: CABI Publishing.
Tuulentie, Seija, and Bente Heimtun. 2014. New rural residents or working tourists? Place attachment of mobile tourism workers in Finnish Lapland and Northern Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 14 (4): 367–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2014.967998.
UNEP and WTO. 2005. Making tourism more sustainable: A guide for policy makers. http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx0592xPA-TourismPolicyEN.pdf. Accessed on June 28, 2019.
Veijola, Soile, and Hannah Strauss-Mazzullo. 2019. Tourism at the crossroads of contesting paradigms of arctic development. In The Global Arctic Handbook, ed. Matthias Finger and Lassi Heininen, 63–81. Cham: Springer.
World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf. Accessed on June 19, 2019.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kugapi, O., Huhmarniemi, M., Laivamaa, L. (2020). A Potential Treasure for Tourism: Crafts as Employment and a Cultural Experience Service in the Nordic North. In: Walmsley, A., Åberg, K., Blinnikka, P., Jóhannesson, G. (eds) Tourism Employment in Nordic Countries. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47813-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47813-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-47812-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-47813-1
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)