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Bioengineering of Trachea and Esophagus

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Organ Tissue Engineering

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering ((TIENRE))

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Abstract

Tissue engineering offers huge potential as a novel strategy to treat complex congenital and acquired conditions of both the trachea and the esophagus where standard therapy has failed or current options for organ replacement fall short. Existing approaches have involved the use of scaffolds, cells, or a combination of both to reconstruct damaged organs, however increasing evidence suggests that hybrid techniques with exogenous cell delivery enhances tissue regeneration while reducing inflammation. While many cell lines have been used, increasing focus on the use of stem cells of mesenchymal origin holds promise, although the mechanism through which remodeling occurs remains unclear.

In vivo animal models have provided real insights into the use of these techniques for human therapy. While initial success in partial-thickness and patch defects models has been translated into clinical studies in humans, repair of circumferential defects remains altogether more challenging due to difficulties with stenosis, luminal collapse, and anastomotic leak. More work is required to establish safe and standardized methods for circumferential organ transplantation in this field prior to advancement to human candidates with open reporting of outcomes. Here, we review current approaches, evaluate the existing evidence, and discuss the future of tissue engineering of the trachea and esophagus.

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Acknowledgments

PDC is supported by Horizon 2020 grant INTENS 668294; PDC is supported by NIHR Professorship, NIHR UCL BRC-GOSH and the Oak Foundation. ND is supported by L. Spitz GOSHCC Clinical Research Training Fellowships. MG is supported by PhD scholarship Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo(ANID)/DoctoradoBecasChile/2018 – 72190110. PB is supported by the Rosetrees Trust (M362; M362-F1; M553) and the Cystic Fibrosis Trust (SRC 006)

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Author notes

  1. Soichi Shibuya, Natalie Durkin and Matias Garrido Flores contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK

    Soichi Shibuya, Natalie Durkin & Paolo De Coppi

  2. Epithelial Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK

    Matías Garrido & Paola Bonfanti

  3. Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK

    Paolo De Coppi

Authors
  1. Soichi Shibuya
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  2. Natalie Durkin
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  3. Matías Garrido
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  4. Paola Bonfanti
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  5. Paolo De Coppi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paolo De Coppi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universitäts Spital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

    Daniel Eberli

  2. Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA

    Sang Jin Lee

  3. Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria

    Andreas Traweger

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Shibuya, S., Durkin, N., Garrido, M., Bonfanti, P., De Coppi, P. (2021). Bioengineering of Trachea and Esophagus. In: Eberli, D., Lee, S.J., Traweger, A. (eds) Organ Tissue Engineering. Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44211-8_18

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