Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) determination remains a challenge, especially in patients suffering from chronic kidney diseases. In this chapter, we will give some insights on different factors that can impact PTH results, either from the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases. From the pre-analytical phase, we will discuss some issues linked with PTH stability, the importance of sampling site, sampling time and seasonal variation. From the analytical perspectives, we will evoke the issues linked with the different PTH generation assays and the lack of PTH assays standardization. From the post-analytical phase, we will discuss the biological variability of PTH and its impact of the least significant change. Establishment of good reference ranges for PTH is of paramount importance and this will also be discussed. Finally, we will mention the emerging potential problem of PTH oxidation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ramasamy I. Inherited disorders of calcium homeostasis. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2008 Aug 1 [cited 2018 Jul 9];394(1–2):22–41. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009898108001782?via%3Dihub.
Gardella TJ, Axelrod D, Rubin D, Keutmann HT, Potts JT, Kronenberg HM, et al. Mutational analysis of the receptor-activating region of human parathyroid hormone. J Biol Chem. 1991;266:13141–6.
Pfister MF, Ruf I, Stange G, Ziegler U, Lederer E, Biber J, et al. Parathyroid hormone leads to the lysosomal degradation of the renal type II Na/Pi cotransporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci [Internet]. 1998;95(4):1909–14. Retrieved from http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.95.4.1909.
Rodriguez M, Lorenzo V. Parathyroid hormone, a uremic toxin. Semin Dial. 2009;22(4):363–8.
Bro S, Olgaard K. Effects of excess PTH on nonclassical target organs. Am J Kidney Dis [Internet]. 1997 Nov [cited 2018 Jul 6];30(5):606–20. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9370175.
Naylor SL, Sakaguchi AY, Szoka P, Hendy GN, Kronenberg HM, Rich A, et al. Human parathyroid hormone gene (PTH) is on short arm of chromosome 11. Somatic Cell Genet [Internet]. 1983 Sep [cited 2018 Jul 6];9(5):609–16. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6353628.
Segre GV, Perkins AS, Witters L, Potts JT. Metabolism of parathyroid hormone by isolated rat Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. J Clin Invest. 1981;67:449–57.
Yamashita H, Gao P, Cantor T, Futata T, Murakami T, Uchino S, et al. Large carboxy-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragment with a relatively longer half-life than 1-84 PTH is secreted directly from the parathyroid gland in humans. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149(4):301–6.
D’AMOUR P, LAZURE C, LABELLE F. Metabolism of radioiodinated carboxy-terminal fragments of bovine parathyroid hormone in normal and anephric rats. Endocrinology [Internet]. 1985 Jul [cited 2018 Jul 6];117(1):127–34. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4006861.
Cavalier E, Plebani M, Delanaye P, Souberbielle J-C. Considerations in parathyroid hormone testing. Clin Chem Lab Med [Internet]. 2015. Retrieved from http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cclm.ahead-of-print/cclm-2015-0314/cclm-2015-0314.xml.
Hanon EA, Sturgeon CM, Lamb EJ. Sampling and storage conditions influencing the measurement of parathyroid hormone in blood samples: a systematic review. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2013;51(10):1925–41.
Schleck ML, Souberbielle JC, Delanaye P, Plebani M, Cavalier E. Parathormone stability in hemodialyzed patients and healthy subjects: comparison on non-centrifuged EDTA and serum samples with second- and third-generation assays. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2017;55(8):1152–9.
Vulpio C, Bossola M, Speranza D, Zuppi C, Luciani G, Di Stasio E. Influence of blood sampling site on intact parathyroid hormone concentrations in hemodialysis patients. Clin Chem [Internet]. 2010 Mar 1 [cited 2018 Jul 9];56(3):489–90. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20190152.
Samuels MH, Veldhuis JD, Kramer P, Urban RJ, Bauer R, Mundy GR. Episodic secretion of parathyroid hormone in postmenopausal women: assessment by deconvolution analysis and approximate entropy. J Bone Miner Res. 1997;12(4):616–23.
Guillemant J, Cabrol S, Allemandou A, Peres G, Guillemant S. Vitamin D-dependent seasonal variation in growing male adolescents. Bone. 1995;17(6):513–6.
Nevo-Shor A, Kogan S, Joshua BZ, Bahat-Dinur A, Novack V, Fraenkel M. Seasonal changes in serum calcium, PTH and vitamin D levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Bone. 2016;89:59–63.
Cong E, Walker MD, Kepley A, Zhang C, McMahon DJ, Silverberg SJ. Seasonal variability in vitamin d levels no longer detectable in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2015 Sep 1 [cited 2018 Jul 10];100(9):3452–9. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-lookup/doi/10.1210/JC.2015-2105.
Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, Silverberg SJ, Udelsman R, Marcocci C, et al. Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the fourth international workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2014;99(10):3561–9. Retrieved from http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/jc.2014-1413.
Berson SA, Yalow RS, Aurbach GD, Potts JT. Immunoassay of bovine and human parathyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1963;49:613–7.
Nussbaum SR, Zahradnik RJ, Lavigne JR, Brennan GL, Nozawa-Ung K, Kim LY, et al. Highly sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay of parathyrin, and its clinical utility in evaluating patients with hypercalcemia. Clin Chem. 1987;33(8):1364–7.
Quarles LD, Lobaugh B, Murphy G. Intact parathyroid hormone overestimates the presence and severity of parathyroid-mediated osseous abnormalities in uremia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 1992 Jul 1 [cited 2018 Jul 11];75(1):145–50. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-lookup/doi/10.1210/jcem.75.1.1619003.
Wang M, Hercz G, Sherrard DJ, Maloney NA, Segre G V., Pei Y. Relationship between intact 1–84 parathyroid hormone and bone histomorphometric parameters in dialysis patients without aluminum toxicity. Am J Kidney Dis [Internet]. 1995 Nov 1 [cited 2018 Jul 11, 26(5), pp. 836–44. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0272638695904530?via%3Dihub.
Lepage R, Roy L, Brossard JH, Rousseau L, Dorais C, Lazure C, et al. A non-(1-84) circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragment interferes significantly with intact PTH commercial assay measurements in uremic samples. Clin Chem. 1998;44(4):805–9.
John, Markus R.; Goodman, William G.; Ping, Gao; Cantor, Tom; Salusky, Isidro B; Juppner H. A Novel Immunoradiometric assay detects full-length human PTH but not amino-terminally truncated fragments: implications for PTH measurements in renal failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(11):4287–90.
Sturgeon CM, Sprague S, Almond A, Cavalier E, Fraser WD, Algeciras-Schimnich A, et al. Perspective and priorities for improvement of parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement—a view from the IFCC Working Group for PTH. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2017;467:42–7. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.016.
Kumar V, Barnidge DR, Chen LS, Twentyman JM, Cradic KW, Grebe SK, et al. Quantification of serum 1-84 parathyroid hormone in patients with hyperparathyroidism by immunocapture in situ digestion liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 2010;56(2):306–13.
Lopez MF, Rezai T, Sarracino DA, Prakash A, Krastins B, Athanas M, et al. Selected reaction monitoring-mass spectrometric immunoassay responsive to parathyroid hormone and related variants. Clin Chem. 2010;56(2):281–90.
Himmelfarb J, Stenvinkel P, Ikizler TA, Hakim RM. The elephant in uremia: oxidant stress as a unifying concept of cardiovascular disease in uremia. Kidney Int [Internet]. 2002 Nov 1 [cited 2018 Jul 12];62(5):1524–38. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0085253815487095?via%3Dihub.
Hocher B, Yin L. Why current PTH assays mislead clinical decision making in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephron. 2017;136(2):137–42.
Ursem SR, Vervloet MG, Hillebrand JJG, De Jongh RT, Heijboer AC. Oxidation of PTH: in vivo feature or effect of preanalytical conditions? Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(2):249–55.
Hocher B, Armbruster FP, Stoeva S, Reichetzeder C, Grön HJ, Lieker I, et al. Measuring parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients with oxidative stress—do we need a fourth generation parathyroid hormone assay? PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40242.
Seiler -Mussler S, Limbach AS, Emrich IE, Pickering JW, Roth HJ, Fliser D, et al. Association of nonoxidized parathyroid hormone with cardiovascular and kidney disease outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol [Internet]. 2018;(10):CJN.06620617. Retrieved from http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.2215/CJN.06620617.
Viljoen A, Singh DK, Twomey PJ, Farrington K. Analytical quality goals for parathyroid hormone based on biological variation. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46(10):1438–42.
Ankrah-Tetteh T, Wijeratne S, Swaminathan R. Intraindividual variation in serum thyroid hormones, parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Ann Clin Biochem [Internet]. 2008;45(Pt 2):167–9. Retrieved from http://acb.sagepub.com/content/45/2/167.full.
Moe SM, Drueke TB, Group for the KW. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int [Internet]. 2009;76(Suppl 113):S1–128. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/ki/journal/v76/n113s/index.html.
Touvier M, Deschasaux M, Montourcy M, Sutton A, Charnaux N, Kesse-Guyot E, et al. Interpretation of plasma PTH concentrations according to 25OHD status, gender, age, weight status, and calcium intake: Importance of the reference values. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(4):1196–203.
Souberbielle JC, Fayol V, Sault C, Lawson-Body E, Kahan A, Cormier C. Assay-specific decision limits for two new automated parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D assays. Clin Chem. 2005;51(2):395–400.
Cavalier E, Delanaye P, Vranken L, Bekaert A-C, Carlisi A, Chapelle J-P, et al. Interpretation of serum PTH concentrations with different kits in dialysis patients according to the KDIGO guidelines: importance of the reference (normal) values. Nephrol Dial Transplant [Internet]. 2011;27(5):1950–6. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21940481.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cavalier, E. (2020). PTH Measurement in CKD. In: Covic, A., Goldsmith, D., Ureña Torres, P. (eds) Parathyroid Glands in Chronic Kidney Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43769-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43769-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-43768-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-43769-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)