Holy Land and British Perceptions

Burritt, Amanda M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41261-6_3

Amanda M. Burritt⁵

Part of the book series: Britain and the World ((BAW))

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Abstract

This chapter explores the personal, artistic and cultural context in the 1820s and 1830s that compelled the British artist David Roberts to travel through Egypt and the Holy Land in 1838–39, and that led to the commercial success of the volumes of lithographs produced from this venture. In the 1830s there was in Britain an intellectual, religious and political climate very conscious of the importance of the Near Eastern region. Protestant hymnody significantly influenced British perceptions of Jerusalem.

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Notes

1.
Debra N. Mancoff, David Roberts: Travels in Egypt and the Holy Land (San Francisco: Pomegranate Communications, 1999), p. 110.
2.
Briony Llewellyn, ‘Roberts’s Pictures of the Near East’, in David Roberts, compiled by Helen Guiterman and Briony Llewellyn (Oxford and London: Phaidon Press and Barbican Art Gallery, 1986), pp. 77, 89.
3.
Ballantine in David Roberts, the Life of David Roberts, R.A., ed. by James Ballantine, (Milton Keynes, UK: Lightning Source UK, 2013), p. 53; Katharine Sim, David Roberts R.A., 1796–1864: A Biography (London: Quartet Books, 1984), p. 224.
4.
Ballantine in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 77.
5.
Thomas W. Davis, Shifting Sands: The Rise and Fall of Biblical Archaeology (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), p. 3.
6.
Eitan Bar-Yosef, The Holy Land in English Culture 1799–1917: Palestine and the question of Orientalism, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 24.
7.
Bar-Yosef, p. 19.
8.
Roberts in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 41.
9.
Roberts in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 39.
10.
Cross F.L., ed., The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (London: Oxford University Press, 1961), p. 223.
11.
Robert Wilken, The land called holy: Palestine in Christian history and thought (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1992), p. xii.
12.
Bar-Yosef, p. 20.
13.
Bar-Yosef, p. 20.
14.
Bar-Yosef, p. 21.
15.
The Proprietors of Hymns Ancient and Modern, Hymns Ancient and Modern Standard Edition (London: Williams and Sons, 1924), p. 37.
16.
The Proprietors of Hymns Ancient and Modern, p. 474.
17.
Wilken, p. 70.
18.
Wilken, p. 70.
19.
Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony, Encountering the Sacred: the debate on Christian Pilgrimage in Late Antiquity Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 2005), p. 70.
20.
Bitton-Ashkelony, p. 93.
21.
Bitton-Ashkelony, p. 62.
22.
Bitton-Ashkelony, pp. 55–56.
23.
Bitton-Ashkelony, p. 63.
24.
Bar-Yosef, p. 27.
25.
J. G. Davies, Pilgrimage yesterday and today: why? where? how? (London: SCM Press, 1988), p. 201.
26.
J. G. Davies, p. 142.
27.
Burke O. Long, Imaging the Holy Land, Maps, Models and Fantasy Travels (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003), p. 107.
28.
Ann E. Killebrew, Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: an archaeological study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and early Israel, 1300–1100 B.C.E (Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005), p. 3.
29.
Silberman, Neil Asher, Digging for God and Country—Exploration, Archaeology, and the Secret Struggle for the Holy Land 1799–1917 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), p. 18.
30.
Silberman, p. 21.
31.
Silberman, p. 22.
32.
Silberman, p. 22.
33.
Silberman, p. 23.
34.
Catherwood is best known for his later records of the ancient Mayan civilisation of Central America.
35.
Naomi Shepherd, The Zealous Intruders (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987), p. 76.
36.
Roberts in David Roberts, From an antique land: Travels in Egypt and the Holy Land, ed. by Barbara Culliford (New York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989), p. 119.
37.
Shepherd, p. 77.
38.
Lindsay Errington, Social and Religious Themes in English Art 1840–1860 (New York: Garland Publishing, 1984), pp. 253, 453.
39.
Gerald Parsons, ‘Reform, Revival and Realignment: The Experience of Victorian Anglicanism’, in Religion in Victorian Britain. Volume I: Traditions, ed. by Gerald Parsons (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988), 14–66 (p. 31).
40.
Parsons, ‘Reform, Revival and Realignment’, Vol. I, p. 30.
41.
J Harris Proctor, ‘David Robert and the ideology of imperialism’, The Muslim World, 88, 1 (1998), pp. 47–66 (p. 48).
42.
Silberman, p. 29.
43.
Charles Egan in Albert Boime, ‘William Holman Hunt’s The Scapegoat: Rite of Forgiveness/Transference of Blame’, Art Bulletin, LXXXIV, 1 (2002), 94–114 (p. 100).
44.
Simon Montefiore, Jerusalem: the biography (London: Orion Books, 2012), p. 420.
45.
Shepherd, p. 228; Bible: The New Revised Standard Version (Nashville, Tennessee: Catholic Bible Press, a division of Thomas Nelson, 1993).
46.
Shepherd, p. 229.
47.
Shepherd, p. 231.
48.
Roberts in David Roberts, the Life of David Roberts, R.A., ed. by James Ballantine (Milton Keynes, UK: Lightning Source UK, 2013), pp. 69–70.
49.
J. G. Davies, p. 142.
50.
Katharine Sim, David Roberts R.A., 1796–1864: A Biography (London: Quartet Books, 1984), p. 217.
51.
Nicholas Tromans, David Wilkie: The People’s Painter (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2007), p. 214, footnote 126.
52.
Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine and the adjacent regions, Vol. 1, 1838 (London: John Murray, 1856), p. 222.
53.
Robinson, Vol. I, p. 222.
54.
Robinson, Vol. I, p. 223.
55.
Robinson, Vol. I, p. 223.
56.
Roberts in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 45.
57.
Francois Guizot was French Ambassador to London and Foreign Minister 1840–47 and Prime Minister of France September 1847–February 1848.
58.
HRH Victoria: Journal entry: Sunday 10 January 1841. Place of writing: Principal Residence Windsor Castle. Number of page images:2 Version: Princess Beatrice’s copies Volume:11 (1st January 1841–30th June 1841), Volume Page number(s):(12)–13). <http://www.queenvictoriasjournals.org> [accessed 17 September 2013]
59.
Roberts in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 2.
60.
Ballantine in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 2.
61.
Roberts in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 2.
62.
Roberts in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 4.
63.
Mancoff, p. 35.
64.
Ballantine in Roberts ed. Ballantine, p. 77; Sim, p. 114.
65.
Mancoff, p. 57.
66.
Sim, p. 145.
67.
Montefiore, pp. 391–3.
68.
Said, ‘Orientalism reconsidered’, pp. 92–93.
69.
Blood in Mancoff, p. 6.
70.
Julia Van Haaften, ‘Introduction’, in Egypt and the Holy Land in historic photographs, ed. by Jon E. Manchip White (New York: Dover Publications, 1980), p. xv.
71.
Helen Guiterman and Briony Llewellyn, compilers, David Roberts (London: Phaidon Press and Barbican Art Gallery, 1986), p. 81.
72.
Uzi Baram, ‘Images of the Holy Land: The David Roberts paintings as artifacts of 1830s Palestine’, Between Art & Artifact, 41(1), (2007), 106–117 (p. 108).
73.
Long, p. 116.
74.
Roberts in Roberts ed. Ballantine, pp. 36, 40.

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Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Amanda M. Burritt

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Burritt, A.M. (2020). Holy Land and British Perceptions. In: Visualising Britain’s Holy Land in the Nineteenth Century. Britain and the World. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41261-6_3

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41261-6_3
Published: 12 April 2020
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41260-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41261-6
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