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Polymer-Based Biomaterials: An Emerging Electrochemical Sensor

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Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology

Abstract

Driven by the increasing interest in nanotechnology, materials that spontaneously form ordered nanostructures are becoming an important area of investigation. The development of new polymer-based biomaterials relies on knowledge of the underlying relations between the properties and the structure of these materials at multiple length scales. On the basis of sources, biomaterial polymer films are categorized into two different classes. In the first class, polymers are made from protein, natural rubber, cellulose, etc. these are also called natural polymers. The second category is largest one; it carries the artificial polymer or synthesized polymer, where natural polymers are chemically treated or synthesized in lab. Among these, chitosan is widely used linear polysaccharide biopolymer derived from chitin by deacetylation, chitosan has numerous advantages as a biomaterial; Chitosan is a unique biopolymer in the respect that it is abundant, cationic, low-toxic, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, and due to its positive charges at physiological pH. Chitosan (CHT), as a bio polymer with abundant primary amino groups and hydroxyl groups, is nontoxic, readily decomposes in natural biological environments, and is compatible with living organism cells (both plant and animal) and displays a number of properties including hydrophilicity, gel-forming ability, doping feasibility, good mechanical stability, good permeability, cost-effectiveness, and availability of reactive functional groups for chemical modifications. CHT can effectively adsorb not only metal ions but also various organic compounds and thus, can be widely used in construction of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. This chapter focuses on the application of chitosan as sensing material.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Studies in Environmental Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India

    Annu Pandey

  2. School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India

    Rajeev Jain

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  1. Annu Pandey
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  2. Rajeev Jain
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA

    Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

  2. International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCN) School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

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Pandey, A., Jain, R. (2021). Polymer-Based Biomaterials: An Emerging Electrochemical Sensor. In: Hussain, C.M., Thomas, S. (eds) Handbook of Polymer and Ceramic Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40513-7_60

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