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Newton’s Laws, Dynamics and Galilean Relativity

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Lectures in Classical Mechanics

Part of the book series: Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics ((ULNP))

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Abstract

In this chapter we shall talk about the laws that can be considered as the basis of all modern physics. Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica constitutes the first (known) formal, mathematical formulation of the physical laws. Here we will present Newton’s formulation of Classical Mechanics, also the equivalence principle, and introduce the concepts of inertial reference frames, momentum, conservative and non-conservative forces, angular momentum, torque, work, energy and the corresponding conservation laws. We will also introduce Galilean relativity and re-discuss the notion of inertial reference frames.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See Exercise 4.4 for details.

  2. 2.

    There have also bee reported cases where \(\mu \) was slightly greater than one.

  3. 3.

    This last case should be obvious, if \(\mathbf {F} = F(r) \mathbf {u}_r\) then \(\mathbf {r} \times \mathbf {u}_r = \mathbf {0}\).

  4. 4.

    For a brief historical introduction read Chap. I, Sect. 2 from Steven Weinberg, Gravitation end Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity.

Further Reading

  1. J.V. José, E.J. Saletan, Classical Dynamics: A Contemporary Approach. Cambridge University Press

    Google Scholar 

  2. S.T. Thornton, J.B. Marion, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems

    Google Scholar 

  3. H. Goldstein, C. Poole, J. Safko, Classical Mechanics, 3rd edn. Addison Wesley

    Google Scholar 

  4. J.R. Taylor, Classical Mechanics

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  5. D.T. Greenwood, Classical Dynamics. Prentice-Hall Inc.

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  6. D. Kleppner, R. Kolenkow, An Introduction to Mechanics

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  7. C. Lanczos, The Variational Principles of Mechanics. Dover Publications Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W. Greiner, Classical Mechanics: Systems of Particles and Hamiltonian Dynamics. Springer

    Google Scholar 

  9. H.C. Corben, P. Stehle, Classical Mechanics, 2nd edn. Dover Publications Inc.

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  10. T.W.B. Kibble, F.H. Berkshire, Classical Mechanics. Imperial College Press

    Google Scholar 

  11. M.G. Calkin, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Mechanics

    Google Scholar 

  12. A.J. French, M.G. Ebison, Introduction to Classical Mechanics

    Google Scholar 

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Detectors for Molecular Imaging, Instituto de Instrumentacion para Imagen Molecular, Valencia, Spain

    Victor Ilisie

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  1. Victor Ilisie
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Correspondence to Victor Ilisie .

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Ilisie, V. (2020). Newton’s Laws, Dynamics and Galilean Relativity. In: Lectures in Classical Mechanics. Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38585-9_4

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