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Environmental Endocrinology

Basic Concepts

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Environmental Endocrinology and Endocrine Disruptors

Part of the book series: Endocrinology ((ENDOCR))

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Abstract

The endocrine system comprises a complex array of intercommunicating pathways across several organ systems that modulate each other’s structure and function through production of hormones. Several natural and man-made factors occurring in the environment are known to adversely affect the normal functioning of the endocrine system. These factors are known as endocrine disruptors (EDs). Physical factors such as climate, temperature, photoperiod, radiation, and nutrition and chemical factors such as pH, water salinity, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are known to affect endocrine function across several species. Currently, extensive data is available on the adverse effects of EDCs on the endocrine system, and novel data on mechanisms of endocrine disruption continue to rapidly accumulate in the literature. Nonetheless, environmental endocrinology is still a relatively young and upcoming branch of endocrinology and metabolism. This chapter introduces the basic concepts in environmental endocrinology and provides a synopsis on the various EDs and EDCs that affect the endocrine system and the various challenges and future directions in managing environmental endocrine disruption.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

    Sriram Gubbi

  2. Section on Endocrinology & Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

    Rachel Wurth & Fady Hannah-Shmouni

  3. The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA

    Christian A. Koch

  4. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Christian A. Koch

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  1. Sriram Gubbi
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  2. Rachel Wurth
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  3. Fady Hannah-Shmouni
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  4. Christian A. Koch
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sriram Gubbi or Christian A. Koch .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Endocrinology and Metabolism Dept., University of Naples Federico II, NAPOLI, Napoli, Italy

    Rosario Pivonello

  2. Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, National and Kapodistrian University of, Athens, Greece

    Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis

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Gubbi, S., Wurth, R., Hannah-Shmouni, F., Koch, C.A. (2022). Environmental Endocrinology. In: Pivonello, R., Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. (eds) Environmental Endocrinology and Endocrine Disruptors. Endocrinology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38366-4_1-1

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