Abstract
The world’s energy needs are steadily increasing. In a large part, it is directly related to economic growth. But at the same time there is an improvement in energy intensity (or energy efficiency): the amount of energy needed to generate a production unit. Despite the extremely strong development in OECD countries, the vast majority of the increase in global energy consumption comes from developing countries.
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Notes
- 1.
According to BP’s estimates (2008), approximately 41% of the studied gas resources are located in the Middle East. By the end of 2007, the former USSR territories have held over 30% of the total reserves. In Oceania and Africa there were 8% of the resources. Only seven countries have their own proved natural gas reserves amounting to over 2% of the total global. Based on EIA, at that time, Russia, Iran and Qatar held 58% of the world’s proved gas reserves.
- 2.
New gas fields estimated at 1.22 trillion m3 were discovered in Siberia, which in volume match recently found deposits at the Kovykta gas field in Eastern Siberia. In 2007, the proved gas reserves volume from the field was estimated at 1.51 billion m3; in the near future, the Irkutsk region may be set to become China’s top supplier of natural gas. The export value has been estimated at approximately USD 1 billion. See Kommiersant 2007.
- 3.
A slight decrease in demand for motor fuel due to the development of the electric vehicles fleet should be taken into consideration.
- 4.
USA is number one producing 631.6 mln tons of oil equivalent w 2017.
- 5.
For comparison, all EU Member States in May 2008 had only 3 billion m3 of natural gas; data after BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2008.
- 6.
The oil price (Dated Brent) averaged $54.19 per barrel, up from $43.73/barrel in 2016. This was the first annual increase since 2012), BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2018.
- 7.
As regards key materials for energy, “Cobalt production has grown by only 0.9% per annum since 2010, while Lithium production has increased by 6.8% p.a. over the same period. Cobalt prices more than doubled in 2017, while Lithium carbonate prices increased by 37%.” BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2018, https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2018-full-report.pdf. Retrieved December 8, 2018.
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Czarny, R.M. (2020). Energy Balance in the Second Decade of the Twenty-First Century. In: The Nordic Dimension of Energy Security. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37043-5_3
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