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Appendix Tumor Microenvironment

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Tumor Microenvironments in Organs

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1226))

Abstract

The pathological features of the appendix tumors fundamentally recall those of the more frequent colorectal neoplasms, although with a higher relative incidence of carcinoids, due to the abundant presence of enteroendocrine cells in the appendix wall. Moreover, different types of lymphomas, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin, arising from the extra-nodal mucosal-associated lymphatic tissue, can be encountered. The appendix tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a cellular component and of a noncellular component: the former includes the immunocompetent cells, while the latter represents the support stroma. Particularly in carcinoids, the immune cell reaction can be explicated by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which, in some circumstances, may arrange around and inside the tumor in a brisk fashion influencing favorably the prognosis. This active reaction has to be distinguished from any preexisting inflammatory condition of the appendix and from superimposed tumor complications, such as infection or ischemia. In practice, we consider the appendix TME a complex framework with immunological, mechanic, and metabolic functions, all supported by a marked neo-lymphoangiogenesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena (MO), Italy

    Luca Roncati, Paolo Gasparri, Graziana Gallo, Giuditta Bernardelli & Giuliana Zanelli

  2. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena (MO), Italy

    Antonio Manenti

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  1. Luca Roncati
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  2. Paolo Gasparri
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  3. Graziana Gallo
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  4. Giuditta Bernardelli
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  5. Giuliana Zanelli
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  6. Antonio Manenti
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pathology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Roncati, L., Gasparri, P., Gallo, G., Bernardelli, G., Zanelli, G., Manenti, A. (2020). Appendix Tumor Microenvironment. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironments in Organs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1226. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_7

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