Skip to main content

Fog of Things: Fog Computing in Internet of Things Environments

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Special Topics in Multimedia, IoT and Web Technologies

Abstract

The Fog of Things (FoT) proposes a paradigm which uses the Fog Computing concept to deploy Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The FoT exploits the processing, storage, and network capacity of local resources, allowing for the integration of different devices in a seamless IoT architecture, and it defines the components which compose the FoT paradigm describing their characteristics. This chapter presents the FoT paradigm and relates it to IoT architecture describing the main characteristics and concepts from the sensor and actuator communication to gateways, and local and cloud servers. Lastly, this chapter presents SOFT-IoT platform as a concrete implementation of FoT, which uses microservice infrastructure distributed along devices in the IoT system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    TATU is available on: https://github.com/WiserUFBA/TATUDevice.

  2. 2.

    MQTT Protocol: http://mqtt.org/.

  3. 3.

    A tool for management and monitoring of metrics and indicators, projected to ease the comprehension and decision-making.

  4. 4.

    http://servicemix.apache.org/.

  5. 5.

    https://spring.io/.

  6. 6.

    https://aries.apache.org/modules/blueprint.html.

  7. 7.

    Arduino: https://www.arduino.cc/.

  8. 8.

    Zeroconf: http://www.zeroconf.org/.

  9. 9.

    https://github.com/WiserUFBA/soft-iot-mapping-devices.

  10. 10.

    https://github.com/WiserUFBA/soft-iot-vertx-mqtt-broker.

  11. 11.

    https://github.com/WiserUFBA/soft-iot-local-storage.

  12. 12.

    https://github.com/WiserUFBA/soft-iot-iot-service.

References

  1. Abadi, F.A., Ellul, J., Azzopardi, G.: The blockchain of things, beyond bitcoin: a systematic review. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on 2018 IEEE Cybermatics, pp. 1666–1672. IEEE, Piscataway (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abdelshkour, M.: IoT, from cloud to fog computing. http://blogs.cisco.com/perspectives/iot-from-cloud-to-fog-computing (2015). Accessed 20 July 2017

  3. Al-Fuqaha, A., Guizani, M., Mohammadi, M., Aledhari, M., Ayyash, M.: Internet of things: a survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 17(4), 2347–2376 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2015.2444095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Andrade, L., Serrano, M., Prazeres, C.: The data interplay for the Fog of Things: a transition to edge computing with IoT. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1–7. IEEE, Piscataway (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2018.8423006

  5. Bassi, A., Bauer, M., Fiedler, M., Kramp, T., van Kranenburg, R., Lange, S., Meissner, S. (eds.): Enabling Things to Talk: Designing IoT Solutions with the IoT Architectural Reference Model, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Batista, E., Andrade, L., Dias, R., Andrade, A., Figueiredo, G., Prazeres, C.: Characterization and modeling of IoT data traffic in the Fog of Things paradigm. In: 2018 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), pp. 1–8 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/NCA.2018.8548340

  7. Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., Addepalli, S.: Fog computing and its role in the Internet of Things. In: Proceedings of the First Edition of the MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing, MCC ’12, pp. 13–16. ACM, New York (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2342509.2342513

  8. Carrez, F., Bauer, M., Boussad, M., Bui, N., Jardak, C., De Loof, J., Magerkurth, C., Meissner, S., Nettsträter, A., Olivereau, A., et al.: Internet of Things—architecture IoT-a, deliverable d1. 5—final architectural reference model for the IoT v3.0. European Union, 7th Framework Programme (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chappell, D.: Enterprise Service Bus. O’Reilly Media, Inc., Sebastopol (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  10. de Santana, C.J.L., de Mello Alencar, B., Prazeres, C.V.S.: Microservices: a mapping study for Internet of Things solutions. In: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), pp. 1–4 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  11. de Santana, C.J.L., de Mello Alencar, B., Prazeres, C.V.S.: Reactive microservices for the Internet of Things: a case study in fog computing. In: Proceedings of the 34th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC ’19, pp. 1243–1251. ACM, New York (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3297280.3297402

  12. Escoffier, C.: Building Reactive Microservices in Java. O’Reilly, Sebastopol (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fowler, M., Lewis, J.: Microservices, 2014. http://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html (2014)

  14. Hassija, V., Chamola, V., Saxena, V., Jain, D., Goyal, P., Sikdar, B.: A survey on IoT security: application areas, security threats, and solution architectures. IEEE Access 7, 82721–82743 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Khan, R., Khan, S.U., Zaheer, R., Khan, S.: Future internet: the internet of things architecture, possible applications and key challenges. In: 2012 10th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, pp. 257–260 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/FIT.2012.53

  16. Kumar, S., Sahoo, S., Mahapatra, A., Swain, A.K., Mahapatra, K.: Security enhancements to system on chip devices for IoT perception layer. In: 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Nanoelectronic and Information Systems (iNIS), pp. 151–156. IEEE, Piscataway (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Leiba, B.: Oauth web authorization protocol. IEEE Internet Comput. 16(1), 74–77 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lin, S., Crawford, M., Mellor, S.: The industrial Internet of Things-volume G1: reference architecture. Industrial internet consortium. IIC:PUBG1

    Google Scholar 

  19. Newman, S.: Building Microservices: Designing Fine-Grained Systems. O’Reilly Media, Inc., Sebastopol (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pinto, G.P., Prazeres, C.V.S.: Web of things data visualization: from devices to web via fog and cloud computing. In: IEEE International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE), pp. 1–6. IEEE, Piscataway (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Prazeres, C., Serrano, M.: SOFT-IoT: self-organizing FOG of Things. In: 2016 30th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, pp. 803–808 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/WAINA.2016.153

  22. Prazeres, C., Barbosa, J., Andrade, L., Serrano, M.: Design and implementation of a message-service oriented middleware for Fog of Things platforms. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC ’17, pp. 1814–1819. ACM, New York, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3019612.3019820

  23. Puschmann, D., Barnaghi, P., Tafazolli, R.: Adaptive clustering for dynamic IoT data streams. IEEE Internet of Things J. 4(1), 64–74 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sciancalepore, S., Piro, G., Caldarola, D., Boggia, G., Bianchi, G.: Oauth-IoT: an access control framework for the Internet of Things based on open standards. In: 2017 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), pp. 676–681. IEEE, Piscataway (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Soldatos, J.: Building Blocks for IoT Analytics: River Publishers Series in Signal, Image and Speech Processing. River Publishers, Gistrup (2016). https://books.google.com.br/books?id=svQRMQAACAAJ

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Sousa, N.R., Prazeres, C.V.S.: M2-fot: a proposal for monitoring and management of Fog of Things platforms. In: 2018 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), pp. 1–6. IEEE, Piscataway (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zhu, X., Badr, Y.: A survey on blockchain-based identity management systems for the Internet of Things. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on 2018 IEEE Cybermatics, pp. 1568–1573. IEEE, Piscataway (2018)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Leandro Andrade or Andressa Andrade .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Andrade, L., Lira, C., de Mello, B., Andrade, A., Coutinho, A., Prazeres, C. (2020). Fog of Things: Fog Computing in Internet of Things Environments. In: Roesler, V., Barrére, E., Willrich, R. (eds) Special Topics in Multimedia, IoT and Web Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35102-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35102-1_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35101-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-35102-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics