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The Politics and Practice of Exclusion

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The In-Between Spaces of Asylum and Migration

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Abstract

The policies of Direct Provision and dispersal in Ireland are part of a broader movement towards what has been named as ‘Fortress Europe ’, with security organizations such as Frontex established in 2004, guarding periphery areas and keeping people out. Responsibilities of states towards people seeking protection are shirked, skirted around and denied through increasingly militarized border control, restrictive policies and ever-narrower interpretations of the 1951 Geneva Convention (see Cole in Journal of Refugee Studies, 31(1): 1–21, 2017; Karamanidou and Schuster in Journal of Refugee Studies, 25(2): 169–192, 2012), a recent trend in asylum and migration policies ‘characterized by the regression of fundamental protections and the progression of tools and practices of deportation and prevention of access to EU territory’ (Dikec in Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 27: 186, 2009); with the EU becoming, as Van Houtum and Pijpers (Antipode, 39(2): 291–309, 2007) argue, a ‘gated community’ where migration is ‘managed’ to protect the comfort of a capitalistic lifestyle through ‘the simultaneous attraction of economically valuable and the rejection of allegedly market-redundant immigrants’ (2007: 292). Asylum has become an issue which is increasingly high up on states’ agendas, a key policy and political issue which has ‘moved from the periphery to the centre of EU law and policy’ (Thornton in Report on Coherence of Human Rights Policymaking in EU Institutions and Other EU Agencies and Bodies, p. 105, 2014) as a result of increased numbers of asylum claims since the 1990s.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See Crowley et al. (2006) on the Irish government’s framing and construction of the 2004 Citizenship Referendum around the concept of ‘common sense citizenship’.

  2. 2.

    A description of the use of this term on ‘Plain language guide to Eurojargon’ page of the official website of the European Union (europa.eu) appears as follows: ‘This expression is often used to mean an attitude that wants to defend Europe from outside influences, especially cultural influences. The term “Fortress Europe” often appears in discussions about asylum and immigration regulations’ (European Union: year unavailable).

  3. 3.

    See discussion in Chapter 2 relating to the Irish media: ‘a marked, indeed disproportionate, emphasis on asylum seekers and refugees, as opposed to immigration, especially labour immigration is to be noted’ (MacÉinri 2001: unpaginated).

  4. 4.

    ‘Article 19 report’ here refers to: Article 19 (2004), What’s the Story? Results from Research into Media Coverage of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the UK. London.

  5. 5.

    https://missingmigrants.iom.int/.

  6. 6.

    See Mountz’s ‘tunnel thesis’ (2010) for examples of such ‘creative geographies of exclusion’.

  7. 7.

    Centres d’accueil pour demandeurs d’asile—accommodation centres in France for asylum seekers awaiting decisions on claims.

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    Zoë O’Reilly

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O’Reilly, Z. (2020). The Politics and Practice of Exclusion. In: The In-Between Spaces of Asylum and Migration. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29171-6_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29171-6_3

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  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29170-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29171-6

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

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