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Synthesis of Metal Oxide Aerogels via Epoxide-Assisted Gelation of Metal Salts

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Springer Handbook of Aerogels

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Abstract

Over the past two decades, the diversity of metal and metalloid oxide materials prepared using sol–gel techniques has increased significantly. This transformation can be attributed in part to the development of the technique known as epoxide-assisted gelation. The process utilizes organic epoxides as co-reactants for the sol–gel polymerization of simple inorganic metal salts in aqueous or alcoholic media. In this approach, the epoxide acts as a proton scavenger, which drives hydrolysis and condensation of hydrated metal species in the sol–gel reaction. This process is generalizable and applicable to the synthesis of a wide range of metal and metalloid oxide aerogels, xerogels, and nanocomposites. In addition, modification of synthetic parameters allows for control over the structure and properties of the sol–gel product. The method is particularly amenable to the synthesis of multicomponent and nanocomposite sol–gel systems with intimately mixed nanostructures. This chapter describes both the reaction mechanisms associated with epoxide-assisted gelation and an overview of materials that have been prepared using this technique.

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  • 22 November 2023

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Acknowledgments

Portions of the work described herein were performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Other portions of the work described herein were funded by the Army Research Office (W911NF-14-1-0369, W911NF-12-2-0029, W911NF-10-1-0476) and the National Science Foundation (1530603, 0907291, 0809562, and 0653919) via awards to the Missouri University of Science & Technology (N.L).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA, USA

    Theodore F. Baumann, Alexander E. Gash & Joe H. Satcher Jr

  2. Research and Development, Aspen Aerogels, Inc., Northborough, MA, USA

    Nicholas Leventis

  3. Aerogel Technologies, LLC, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen A. Steiner III

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  1. Theodore F. Baumann
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  2. Alexander E. Gash
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  4. Nicholas Leventis
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Correspondence to Theodore F. Baumann , Alexander E. Gash , Joe H. Satcher Jr , Nicholas Leventis or Stephen A. Steiner III .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bottens, Switzerland

    Michel A. Aegerter

  2. Research and Development, Aspen Aerogels, Inc., Northborough, MA, USA

    Nicholas Leventis

  3. Siloxene AG, Dübendorf, Switzerland

    Matthias Koebel

  4. Aerogel Technologies, LLC, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen A. Steiner III

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Baumann, T.F., Gash, A.E., Satcher, J.H., Leventis, N., Steiner, S.A. (2023). Synthesis of Metal Oxide Aerogels via Epoxide-Assisted Gelation of Metal Salts. In: Aegerter, M.A., Leventis, N., Koebel, M., Steiner III, S.A. (eds) Springer Handbook of Aerogels. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27322-4_17

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