Abstract
The increase in life expectancy in recent decades, due to medical advances, has generated greater survival and quality of life in elderly patients, allowing greater number of surgeries and more complex. Age, currently is not a limitation, however, they have higher mortality (especially in people over 75 years) with respect to younger.
It is necessary to take into account the anatomical and physiological changes in the adult, essential for the success of mechanical surgery and to avoid complications. With age the cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, nervous, and respiratory systems are affected. Respiratorily, the elderly patient has a higher frequency of pneumonia, a greater probability of hypoxia, and a decrease in maximum oxygen consumption. The elasticity decreases, the parameters are more rigid, and the parameters of pulmonary capacity are modified, as well as the respiratory mechanics.
A good MV (mechanical ventilation) during surgery is essential, therefore, the last decades have developed techniques that try to avoid both derived from the MV itself and those derived from the surgical intervention: pulmonary protection ventilation and ultraprotection. Improving the prognosis of patients.
Despite the development of techniques and medical measures-treatments, which allows surgery in elderly patients, we cannot forget the human perspective: take into account the appropriate, good, and just in the social plane. Without leaving behind the main objective: the quality of life in the elderly patient.
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Abbreviations
- APRV:
-
Airway pressure release ventilation
- ARDS:
-
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- ASA:
-
American Society Anesthesiologists
- CI:
-
Confidence interval
- COPD:
-
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- ECMO:
-
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- FEV1:
-
Forced expiratory volume in first second
- FVC:
-
Forced vital capacity
- HFO:
-
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation
- ILA:
-
Type of membrane oxygenation in extracorporeal system
- OR:
-
Odds ratio
- PaO2 :
-
Partial pressure of O2
- PCO2 :
-
Partial pressure of CO2
- PEEP:
-
Expiratory pressure at the end of expiration
- RV:
-
Residual volume
- MV:
-
Mechanical ventilation
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Juez Garcia, L., Sanchez Fernandez, A. (2020). Mechanical Ventilation-Specific Surgery Conditions. In: Esquinas, A., Vargas, N. (eds) Ventilatory Support and Oxygen Therapy in Elder, Palliative and End-of-Life Care Patients . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26664-6_20
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