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Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum

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Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders in Women’s Health

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Abstract

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is one of the most common GI disorders of pregnancy, affecting 70–80% of pregnant women [1]. It is characterized by nausea and vomiting which typically begin within 4 weeks of the last menstrual period, peaks between 10 and 16 weeks gestation, and resolves after 20 weeks gestation [2]. NVP is often erroneously referred to as “morning sickness” as NVP is limited to the morning in less than 2% of women and more commonly persists throughout the day [2]. Women with severe symptoms may have hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a condition associated with fluid, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance, nutritional deficiency, and weight loss [3]. HG is much less common than NVP, affecting only 0.3–3.6% of all pregnancies worldwide [4]. While there are no strict criteria for HG, it is commonly defined as the occurrence of greater than three episodes of vomiting per day with accompanying ketones in the urine and weight loss of more than 3 kg or 5% of body weight [5].

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  1. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA

    Sumona Saha

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  1. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Poonam Beniwal-Patel

  2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Reza Shaker

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Saha, S. (2019). Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum. In: Beniwal-Patel, P., Shaker, R. (eds) Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders in Women’s Health . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25626-5_16

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