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Global Catholicism, Tolerance and the Open Society pp 33–98Cite as

The Second Vatican Council in the Hearts and Minds of Global Catholics: The Open Society, Catholic Antisemitism, and the Effects of Nostra Aetate

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Abstract

While the study of global Antisemitism received important new and global empirical insights from the ADL (Anti-Defamation League) 100 study (ADL, ADL 100 Index, 2014) covering more than 100 countries, comparative studies on Antisemitism among practicing global Roman Catholics are rather lacking. But Antisemitism is around in the world again, and it does so in staggering proportions. It is thus extremely important in view of Catholicism’s still existing role in Western society to find out whether or not practicing Roman Catholics are an exemption from these trends.

Our study focuses on indicators of Antisemitism of entire countries in comparison with their practicing Roman Catholic communities, i.e., those Catholics who attend Sunday Mass regularly, the so-called Dominicantes, which still make up some 45% of the global 1.3 billion Roman Catholics according to our population-weighted data. Our proxy results about the anchoring of Nostra Aetate in the hearts and minds of active global Catholics based on World Values Survey and other global opinion data are not optimistic.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/ecumenical-and-interreligious/ (Download April 10, 2019). For all matters of Jewish-Christian Dialogue, see also https://sites.sju.edu/ijcr/ (Download April 10, 2019).

  2. 2.

    Calculated from http://www.nationmaster.com/; http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/; http://www.pewforum.org/2013/02/13/the-global-catholic-population/; http://www.bbc.com/news/world-21,443,313 (Download April 10, 2019).

  3. 3.

    http://articles.latimes.com/1987-08-20/news/mn-3718_1_elder-brothers and http://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/14/world/text-of-pope-s-speech-at-rome-synagogue-you-are-our-elder-brothers.html?pagewanted=all (Download April 10, 2019).

  4. 4.

    http://time.com/4280602/pope-john-paul-synagogue-visit/ (Download April 10, 2019).

  5. 5.

    http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp (Download April 10, 2019).

  6. 6.

    As we explain below, the correlation between the ADL 100 indicator and our own data, based on the rejection of Jewish neighbors, is sufficiently high to speak of reliable results.

  7. 7.

    On the measurement of Antisemitism, see below. Our data base, the World Values Survey, presents only one item relevant for the study of Antisemitism, the rejection of Jewish neighbors. See also http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp (Download April 10, 2019).

  8. 8.

    http://www.congresojudio.org.ar/uploads/coloquio/207/MARITAIN,%20LOS%20JUDIOS%20Y%20EL%20CONCILIO%20VATICANO%20II.pdf (Download April 10, 2019).

  9. 9.

    http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Bilateral/Pages/Israel-Vatican_Diplomatic_Relations.Aspx (Download April 10, 2019).

  10. 10.

    Quotation retrieved from http://www.bunyanministries.org (Download April 10, 2019) and the Council of Centers on Jewish-Christian Relations, Saint Joseph University, Dialogika, Texts from the History of the Relationship. Theodore Herzl : Audience with Pope Pius X (1904) (http://www.ccjr.us/dialogika-resources/primary-texts-from-the-history-of-the-relationship) (Download April 10, 2019).

  11. 11.

    http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.Html (Download April 10, 2019).

  12. 12.

    http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp and http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/ (Download April 10, 2019).

  13. 13.

    http://ur.umich.edu/0405/Apr11_05/11.shtml (Download April 10, 2019).

  14. 14.

    http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp (Download April 10, 2019).

  15. 15.

    IBM-SPSS Statistics, http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/spss-statistics (Download April 10, 2019).

  16. 16.

    Global Attitudes and Trends, PEW Research Center, 2017, http://www.pewglobal.org/international-survey-methodology/?year_select=2015 (Download April 10, 2019). This site describes the sampling and survey methods for each country, included in the survey.

  17. 17.

    Spring Survey 2015, PEW Research Center, 2017, http://www.pewglobal.org/2015/06/23/spring-2015-survey/ (Download April 10, 2019).

  18. 18.

    http://www.pewglobal.org/category/datasets/ (Download April 10, 2019).

  19. 19.

    http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/data/download.html?r=7 (Download April 10, 2019).

  20. 20.

    http://www.globescan.com/news_archives/bbc06-3/ (Download April 10, 2019).

  21. 21.

    http://www.globescan.com/images/images/pressreleases/bbc2014_country_ratings/2014_country_rating_poll_bbc_globescan.pdf and https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/country-rating-poll.pdf (Download April 10, 2019).

  22. 22.

    For all groups and subgroups, a minimum sample of at least 30 respondents per country had to be available to be mentioned here (Tausch et al. 2014). Dealing with the PEW data, we could only distinguish publics according to their religious commitment. In our analysis, we used the PEW Spring Survey question 178 for this classification. The text of question 178 was: “Q178. How important is religion in your life—very important, somewhat important, not too important, or not at all important?” We classified as religious those respondents who answered question 178 by very important or somewhat important, while we classified as secular those respondents who answered Q178 by not too important or not at all important. The data about religious or denominational background correspond to the categories, given by PEW.

  23. 23.

    http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/country/sc1.html (Download April 10, 2019).

  24. 24.

    For readers interested in Vaticanology, the following list of Cardinal electors is recommended: http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc1.html (Download April 10, 2019). This list orders the Cardinals, possibly succeeding Pope Francis , by birthdate.

  25. 25.

    https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/refugees-keep-streaming-into-europe-as-crisis-continues-unabated/2015/09/06/8a330572-5345-11e5-b225-90edbd49f362_story.html (Download April 10, 2019).

  26. 26.

    https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2016/03/05/160305b.html (Download April 10, 2019).

  27. 27.

    For an analysis of the especially dark chapter of lacking German solidarity with Israel during the finest hour of the Jewish State during the Yom Kippur War of 1973, see https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article116955753/Wie-Willy-Brandt-den-Nahost-Frieden-verspielte.html and https://www.welt.de/geschichte/article121069722/Fuer-Erdoel-setzte-Bonn-1973-das-Buendnis-aufs-Spiel.html (Download April 10, 2019). As the analysis of formerly secret documents now released shows, the government of the German “Peace Chancellor” Willy Brandt denied the use of German airports for US planes sending badly needed military hardware to the beleaguered Jewish State, attacked by the advancing Egyptian and Syrian armies just 28 years after the end of the Shoah.

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  1. University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria

    Arno Tausch

  2. American Studies Center, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Stanislaw Obirek

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Tausch, A., Obirek, S. (2020). The Second Vatican Council in the Hearts and Minds of Global Catholics: The Open Society, Catholic Antisemitism, and the Effects of Nostra Aetate . In: Global Catholicism, Tolerance and the Open Society. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23239-9_3

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